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(machine whirring)

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(ominous music)

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- [Presenter] Adolf Hitler
neither finished school,

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nor had any vocational training.

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(crowd cheering)

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He occasionally lived
in homeless shelters
or on the street.

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He refused to pursue
a regular job.

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To this day, it
seems inexplicable

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that he could come to power.

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Out of nowhere, Hitler
became the Fuhrer,

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leader of the German Reich,

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one of the most powerful
men of the 20th century,

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who brought the world
to the brink of disaster

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and death to millions of people.

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The nation worshiped him

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and followed him
blindly into the abyss.

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But during his lifetime,

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he kept his origins
and his life secret.

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No one should know
how or who he was.

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Hitler's contemporaries, from
his birth to
his death,

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flesh out the picture.

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Who was Hitler?

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(somber music)

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(people chattering)

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- [Narrator] On
June the 30th 1903,

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the 72-year-old Kaiser Franz
Joseph I visits Braunau am Inn

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to celebrate its 700th birthday.

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An historical coincidence,

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this border town to
Bavaria of all places

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is the origin of the
oldest film footage

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shot by an Austrian
cinematographer.

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- [Voiceover] "In the late
'80s of the last century,

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my parents lived in the
small town on the Inn,

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which is Bavarian by blood and
Austrian by nationality."

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Adolf Hitler,
"Mein Kampf."

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- [Narrator] The customs
inspector Alois Hitler

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and his family occupy
a small apartment

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on the top floor of the
Pommer Hotel in Braunau.

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At Easter time, on
April the 20th 1889,

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at about 6:30 in the evening,
Adolf Hitler
is born.

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(people chattering)

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- [Voiceover] Parish
register, Braunau.

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Adolfus Hitler, born
on April the 20th 1889,

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at 6:30 in the evening.

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Baptized on April the 22nd
at 3:15 by Ignat Proust.

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(solemn music)

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- [Voiceover] "To begin with,
there's this picture

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of little Adolf
from the year 1889,

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a few months after his birth.

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One thing worthy of note in
this first picture
of Hitler

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is the close resemblance
of Adolf to his mother."

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August Kubizek, childhood
friend of Adolf Hitler.

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- [Narrator] Adolf
Hitler is the third

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of the couple's six children.

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He and his younger sister Paula

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are the only ones to
survive beyond childhood.

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The mother is 28 years old
at the time of the birth.

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The father is 51.

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Klara Hitler is related
to Alois Hitler.

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She's her husband's
second cousin.

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When Hitler is three years old,

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his father is
transferred to a new post

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and decides to move into
an apartment in Passau

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on the German side
of the border.

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Adolf Hitler lives with
his family in Bavaria

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for three years until 1895.

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- [Voiceover] "Actually,
Hitler didn't speak

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a typical Austrian dialect."

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August Kubizek.

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- [Voiceover] "In my youth,
my German was
the dialect

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spoken in Lower Bavaria."

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Adolf Hitler,
"Mein Kampf."

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- [Narrator] The
oldest film recording

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made in Austria-Hungary

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was shot by foreigners,
the Lumiere brothers.

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It shows Vienna, the capital
of a multinational empire,

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in the year 1896.

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(vehicles clanking)

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- [Voiceover] "In Old Austria,

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you could travel
without a passport,

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from the Mediterranean,
over the Alps,

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way into the east, the
west, and the north."

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Oskar Kokoschka,
painter and writer.

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- [Narrator] Hitler's ancestry
from Lower Austria

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as well as a total of 21 years

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spent in Upper
Austria and Vienna

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do not suffice to
make him Austrian

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in the sense of a
citizen of that nation.

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- [Voiceover] Kurt Schuschnigg,

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Austrian Chancellor
from 1934 to 1938.

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"Austrians who spoke about
the nation before 1938

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meant the national culture

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that extended beyond
their borders,

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which is what Austrian man
also identified with."

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- [Narrator] This cultural
nation is Germany.

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(hooves clopping)

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Transporting a locomotive
through the streets
of Chemnitz,

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16 workhorses pull
the locomotive

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as the factory has
no rail connection.

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(people chattering)

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The majority of German
speaking Austrians

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feel close links to the Germans
in Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria,

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and the smaller federal states

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already united in a partly
industrialized Reich.

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- [Voiceover] "He was a
grumpy, reticent old man,

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and like a lot of political
free spirits
at the time,

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a stern German nationalist."

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Joseph Mayerhofer,

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farmer in the village
of Leonding by Linz.

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(pensive music)

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- [Voiceover] "A visit
to his parent's grave.

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His school friends
say his mother

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was loving and kindhearted.

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The father, cold,
silent, and straight."

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Joseph Goebbels,
diary, July 22nd 1938.

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- [Voiceover] "I
never loved my father,

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but feared him all the more."

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Adolf Hitler, table talk,

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recorded by his secretary
Christa Schroeder.

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(baby wailing)

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- [Voiceover] "My brother
Adolf provoked my father

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to such extremes that he
was beaten every day."

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Paula Hitler, later Paula Wolff.

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- [Narrator] In June 1939, Eva
Braun films the
small farm

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in the village of
Hafeld in Upper Austria

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that Hitler's father leases
after retiring early
in 1895.

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(melancholy music)

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On May the 1st 1895,
Hitler starts school

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in a one-room schoolhouse

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in the neighboring
village of Fischlham.

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In the year 1897,

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Hitler's father sells
the farm in Hafeld.

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The family lives temporarily
in the small town of Lambach.

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(gloomy music)

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In 1898, the Hitler family moves

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to the village of
Leonding near Linz.

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Here Hitler's father
buys property number 61,

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including 1,900
square meters of land.

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After five years of
elementary school,

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in 1900, Adolf Hitler aged 11

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begins secondary school
in the city of Linz.

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Adolf Hitler has to
repeat his first year

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at secondary school
due to poor grades.

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- [Voiceover] "I remember
the scrawny pale boy

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who commuted every day

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between Linz and
Leonding fairly well.

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He was definitely
talented on the one hand,

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but was not in
control of himself.

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He was considered rebellious,

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and he didn't work hard."

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Dr. Eduard Humer,
Hitler's French teacher.

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(children chattering)

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- [Voiceover] "The quiet life
enjoyed by the Hitler family

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on its little patch of land
only lasted a
few years.

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The head of the family
died unexpectedly

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of a heart attack
in January 1903."

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Max Zigstel, "Leonding,
the Fuhrer's Hometown."

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- [Narrator] Alois Hitler
leaves his modest savings

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to his four surviving children,

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Alois and Angela from the
second of his three marriages

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and Adolf and Paula.

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This inheritance is to be paid
out when they
come of age.

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- [Voiceover] "The quiet
cemetery of Leonding

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was his final resting place.

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His widow moved to the
nearby city of Linz

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for the better educational
opportunities for
her children."

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Max Zigstel.

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(melancholy music)

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- [Narrator] In
1904, Klara Hitler

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has to send her son Adolf,
who due to bad grades

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is again in danger of
not moving up a class,

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to the state secondary school
in Steyr, 40 kilometers away.

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(children chattering)

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- [Voiceover] "Look
at my school grades.

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I had bad marks in German.

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That idiot of a professor

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spoiled the German
language for me.

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I would never be able to
write a proper letter."

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Adolf Hitler in the Fuhrer's
Headquarters, 1943.

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(children chattering)

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- [Voiceover] Last grades at
secondary school
in Steyr.

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Diligence, inconsistent.

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German, insufficient.

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Geography and
history, sufficient.

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Mathematics, insufficient.

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Physics, satisfactory.

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Freehand drawing, commendable.

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Sport, excellent.

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- [Voiceover] "I don't have
a photograph of
Adolf Hitler

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00:11:03,241 --> 00:11:05,539
during the years
of our friendship.

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00:11:05,540 --> 00:11:07,840
There probably aren't
any photos of Hitler

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00:11:07,841 --> 00:11:09,439
during this period.

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00:11:09,440 --> 00:11:11,060
Everything that could be said

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about images of Hitler as a
young man has already
been said,

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were it not for the
drawing by a classmate

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from the fourth grade of the
junior high school in Steyr.

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00:11:20,001 --> 00:11:24,079
By chance, this drawing done
in 1905 was preserved.

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00:11:24,080 --> 00:11:26,518
The boy could only
draw profiles.

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00:11:26,519 --> 00:11:29,739
Nevertheless, there is
something peculiarly fascinating

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00:11:29,740 --> 00:11:31,320
about this pencil sketch."

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00:11:33,919 --> 00:11:35,639
August Kubizek.

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00:11:36,960 --> 00:11:40,039
- [Narrator] After nine years,
Adolf Hitler finishes school

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00:11:40,040 --> 00:11:41,640
without graduating.

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For the following three years,

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he lives in Linz on
his mother's pension,

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00:11:45,800 --> 00:11:47,599
not really doing anything.

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00:11:47,600 --> 00:11:50,320
(jaunty music)

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00:11:52,240 --> 00:11:53,519
- [Voiceover] "All
of his relatives

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00:11:53,520 --> 00:11:55,020
considered him worthless,

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00:11:55,021 --> 00:11:56,300
a person who shied away

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00:11:56,301 --> 00:11:59,039
from any gainful employment
from the start."

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00:12:01,519 --> 00:12:02,799
August Kubizek.

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00:12:06,360 --> 00:12:09,200
(elegant music)

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00:12:10,879 --> 00:12:12,399
- [Narrator] Adolf
Hitler talks his mother

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00:12:12,400 --> 00:12:14,279
into allowing him
to travel to Vienna.

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00:12:15,039 --> 00:12:16,540
He wants to apply for admission

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00:12:16,541 --> 00:12:20,360
to the general painting class
at the Academy of Fine Arts.

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00:12:23,679 --> 00:12:26,639
- [Voiceover] "From early in
the morning to late at night,

219
00:12:26,640 --> 00:12:29,599
I ran from one sightseeing
attraction to the next,

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00:12:29,600 --> 00:12:32,560
but the buildings were the only
things that fascinated me.

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00:12:32,561 --> 00:12:34,120
All of Ring Street affected me

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00:12:34,121 --> 00:12:36,639
like a spell from
the Arabian Nights."

223
00:12:38,759 --> 00:12:41,279
Adolf Hitler,
"Mein Kampf."

224
00:12:43,240 --> 00:12:46,158
- [Voiceover]
"From 1904 to 1908,

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00:12:46,159 --> 00:12:48,798
I was Adolf Hitler's
only friend in Linz

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00:12:48,799 --> 00:12:50,639
and thereafter in Vienna."

227
00:12:52,799 --> 00:12:54,200
August Kubizek.

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00:12:57,600 --> 00:12:59,720
- [Narrator] Hitler,
who later in the opinion

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00:12:59,721 --> 00:13:02,759
of a few art experts was
not entirely untalented,

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00:13:02,760 --> 00:13:04,900
manages to pass the
first selection,

231
00:13:04,901 --> 00:13:07,200
but is turned down
after the second.

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00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:12,758
- [Voiceover] "Adolf Hitler,
born on Braunau, Upper Austria

233
00:13:12,759 --> 00:13:15,399
on April the 20th 1889.

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00:13:16,200 --> 00:13:17,999
German, Catholic.

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00:13:18,000 --> 00:13:22,000
Few faces, test drawing
unsatisfactory."

236
00:13:23,279 --> 00:13:26,399
Classification list of the
general painting class.

237
00:13:28,799 --> 00:13:29,919
- [Narrator] When Adolf Hitler,

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00:13:29,920 --> 00:13:31,560
disappointed by the rejection,

239
00:13:31,561 --> 00:13:34,519
returns to his family in
Linz after eight weeks,

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00:13:34,520 --> 00:13:38,199
Klara Hitler is struck down
with a serious illness.

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00:13:38,200 --> 00:13:40,518
She's suffering from a swelling.

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00:13:40,519 --> 00:13:43,340
Nowadays, it would be
diagnosed as cancer.

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00:13:43,341 --> 00:13:46,000
For several months,
Adolf Hitler devotedly

244
00:13:46,001 --> 00:13:48,159
takes care of his
mother at home.

245
00:13:48,160 --> 00:13:49,500
(foreboding music)

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00:13:49,501 --> 00:13:52,020
- [Voiceover] "Dr.
Bloch, well-loved by all,

247
00:13:52,021 --> 00:13:54,200
was the Hitler
family physician."

248
00:13:55,240 --> 00:13:56,480
August Kubizek.

249
00:13:57,399 --> 00:13:58,679
- [Voiceover] "To
a great degree,

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00:13:58,680 --> 00:14:00,759
the boy lived in his own world.

251
00:14:01,639 --> 00:14:04,240
I have no idea what
dreams he dreamt."

252
00:14:05,960 --> 00:14:10,039
Dr. Eduard Bloch, Jewish
physician of the
Hitler family.

253
00:14:11,000 --> 00:14:12,399
- [Narrator] Klara Hitler dies

254
00:14:12,400 --> 00:14:15,479
in the night of
December the 21st 1907,

255
00:14:15,480 --> 00:14:17,399
surrounded by her family.

256
00:14:18,279 --> 00:14:19,319
(somber music)

257
00:14:19,320 --> 00:14:20,759
- [Voiceover] "The
death of our mother

258
00:14:20,760 --> 00:14:22,559
had a great effect
on me and Adolf.

259
00:14:22,560 --> 00:14:24,820
We were very attached
to our mother.

260
00:14:24,821 --> 00:14:27,600
When she died, Adolf
stopped coming home."

261
00:14:29,759 --> 00:14:32,600
Paula Hitler, Adolf
Hitler's sister.

262
00:14:36,399 --> 00:14:37,759
- [Narrator] In contrast to what

263
00:14:37,760 --> 00:14:40,040
Hitler's sister
Paula claims later,

264
00:14:40,041 --> 00:14:41,419
Adolf Hitler remains in Linz

265
00:14:41,420 --> 00:14:44,320
several weeks after the
death of his mother.

266
00:14:44,321 --> 00:14:47,099
He never tells his family
or his friend Kubizek

267
00:14:47,100 --> 00:14:50,039
that he failed the admissions
test the previous year.

268
00:14:52,720 --> 00:14:54,519
- [Voiceover] "Apparently,
he was having

269
00:14:54,520 --> 00:14:56,200
some really bad days.

270
00:14:56,201 --> 00:14:59,240
He was easily irritated
and gave me short shrift

271
00:14:59,241 --> 00:15:01,720
when I started to talk
about my studies."

272
00:15:02,919 --> 00:15:04,159
August Kubizek.

273
00:15:07,759 --> 00:15:09,940
- [Narrator] In
the spring of 1908,

274
00:15:09,941 --> 00:15:11,279
Adolf Hitler begins living

275
00:15:11,280 --> 00:15:13,759
the life of a wastrel
in the metropolis.

276
00:15:15,240 --> 00:15:17,440
- [Voiceover] "Vienna was the
most thorough education

277
00:15:17,441 --> 00:15:18,960
of my life."

278
00:15:19,759 --> 00:15:21,559
Adolf Hitler,
"Mein Kampf."

279
00:15:22,600 --> 00:15:24,080
- [Voiceover] "The
small inheritance

280
00:15:24,081 --> 00:15:26,840
that was diligently
managed by his guardian

281
00:15:26,841 --> 00:15:30,220
had to cover both the cost
of living and
his studies.

282
00:15:30,221 --> 00:15:32,380
He may have been able
to supplement his income

283
00:15:32,381 --> 00:15:34,840
through the sale of
drawings and paintings."

284
00:15:36,840 --> 00:15:37,879
August Kubizek.

285
00:15:42,799 --> 00:15:44,399
- [Narrator] For the next month,

286
00:15:44,400 --> 00:15:46,840
there's no trace of Hitler's
activities
in Vienna.

287
00:15:46,841 --> 00:15:49,039
He's broken off contact
with his family,

288
00:15:49,040 --> 00:15:52,679
and he fails the second
entrance test at the
art academy.

289
00:15:54,919 --> 00:15:58,278
He begins to copy street views
of Vienna from books

290
00:15:58,279 --> 00:16:00,639
and then sells
them as postcards.

291
00:16:05,200 --> 00:16:07,879
- [Voiceover] "I was a
young inexperienced man

292
00:16:07,880 --> 00:16:09,820
without any means of support.

293
00:16:09,821 --> 00:16:11,580
Forced to get by on my own,

294
00:16:11,581 --> 00:16:13,760
the few kronen,
often only cents,

295
00:16:13,761 --> 00:16:15,320
from the proceeds of my work

296
00:16:15,321 --> 00:16:18,159
were barely enough to pay
for my bed and board."

297
00:16:19,480 --> 00:16:21,399
Adolf Hitler,
"Mein Kampf."

298
00:16:22,399 --> 00:16:25,080
- [Narrator] Hitler's share
of his father's inheritance

299
00:16:25,081 --> 00:16:30,200
is paid out on April the 20th
1913, his 24th birthday.

300
00:16:31,399 --> 00:16:34,398
Hitler met Rudolf Hausler
in a men's hostel.

301
00:16:34,399 --> 00:16:38,079
With him, he wants to move to
the German city
of Munich.

302
00:16:38,080 --> 00:16:41,320
(people chattering)

303
00:16:43,000 --> 00:16:46,038
- [Voiceover] "He was just
full of praise for
this city,

304
00:16:46,039 --> 00:16:47,759
and at the same time,
he didn't forget

305
00:16:47,760 --> 00:16:50,759
the large beer gardens
and radishes, et cetera."

306
00:16:52,480 --> 00:16:54,919
Housemate of Hitler's in 1912.

307
00:16:59,480 --> 00:17:00,840
(train clattering)

308
00:17:00,841 --> 00:17:02,759
- [Voiceover] "I had arrived
in this town
as a boy

309
00:17:02,760 --> 00:17:06,079
and departed as a
quiet and serious man."

310
00:17:08,519 --> 00:17:10,240
Adolf Hitler,
"Mein Kampf."

311
00:17:15,680 --> 00:17:17,600
- [Narrator] The main reason
for leaving Austria

312
00:17:17,601 --> 00:17:21,060
is probably that the later
Commander in Chief
Adolf Hitler

313
00:17:21,061 --> 00:17:23,680
wants to get out of
doing military service.

314
00:17:23,681 --> 00:17:26,118
On Saturday, May the 24th 1913,

315
00:17:26,119 --> 00:17:29,580
Hitler and Hausler give notice
of departure to
the police,

316
00:17:29,581 --> 00:17:31,839
but don't state where
they plan to live.

317
00:17:34,400 --> 00:17:37,020
In Munich, Adolf Hitler
has found the city

318
00:17:37,021 --> 00:17:39,520
that is to become the
center of his life.

319
00:17:39,521 --> 00:17:42,039
He does, however,
remain an outsider.

320
00:17:42,599 --> 00:17:44,480
His inheritance helps him build

321
00:17:44,481 --> 00:17:46,740
an uncertain yet
adequate existence

322
00:17:46,741 --> 00:17:48,160
on the fringe of society.

323
00:17:53,680 --> 00:17:56,400
(somber music)

324
00:18:19,119 --> 00:18:20,240
- [Voiceover] "It
was a beautiful

325
00:18:20,241 --> 00:18:22,039
Sunday afternoon in spring.

326
00:18:23,599 --> 00:18:26,319
Someone knocked on the
door and I answered it.

327
00:18:27,240 --> 00:18:30,320
It was a young man wanting to
see the room we were renting.

328
00:18:30,321 --> 00:18:33,440
I showed it to him and
we reached an agreement."

329
00:18:34,920 --> 00:18:39,758
Frau Anna Popp, landlady,
Schleissheimerstrasse 34.

330
00:18:39,759 --> 00:18:42,199
(gloomy music)

331
00:18:42,200 --> 00:18:44,399
- [Narrator] Adolf
Hitler and Rudolf Hausler

332
00:18:44,400 --> 00:18:47,079
rent a room together
from the tailor Popp

333
00:18:47,080 --> 00:18:51,240
at 34 Schleissheimerstrasse
near the district
of Schwabing.

334
00:18:54,440 --> 00:18:56,679
- [Voiceover] "The younger
generation that
we belonged to

335
00:18:56,680 --> 00:18:58,799
didn't know anything about war,

336
00:18:58,800 --> 00:19:01,719
but were intoxicated
by foreign wars.

337
00:19:01,720 --> 00:19:04,798
We had no real
idea what war was.

338
00:19:04,799 --> 00:19:07,000
Adolf's father had
never been a soldier.

339
00:19:07,001 --> 00:19:09,279
Now and again, old
men would talk about

340
00:19:09,280 --> 00:19:11,720
Koniggratz and Custoza."

341
00:19:14,400 --> 00:19:15,839
August Kubizek.

342
00:19:18,079 --> 00:19:22,719
- [Voiceover] Diary, Monday,
June the 29th 1914.

343
00:19:22,720 --> 00:19:24,520
"Archduke Franz Ferdinand,

344
00:19:24,521 --> 00:19:27,000
the heir apparent to
the Austrian throne,

345
00:19:27,001 --> 00:19:29,160
has been killed
along with his wife.

346
00:19:29,759 --> 00:19:32,640
The scum of moral turpitude."

347
00:19:33,519 --> 00:19:38,798
Henrietta Schneider, born 1872,
housekeeper, East Prussia.

348
00:19:38,799 --> 00:19:41,559
(bell tolling)

349
00:19:42,480 --> 00:19:45,359
- [Narrator] The incident
triggers a war in
the Balkans

350
00:19:45,360 --> 00:19:47,759
that grows to
become a world war.

351
00:19:49,039 --> 00:19:52,039
(crowd shouting)

352
00:19:53,319 --> 00:19:55,920
- [Voiceover] "For me, those
hours were
a release

353
00:19:55,921 --> 00:19:58,199
from the annoying
emotions of youth.

354
00:19:58,200 --> 00:19:59,800
I'm not ashamed to say today

355
00:19:59,801 --> 00:20:01,860
that I was overwhelmed
with enthusiasm,

356
00:20:01,861 --> 00:20:04,760
fell to my knees and thanked
the heavens with all my heart

357
00:20:04,761 --> 00:20:08,000
that they'd given me the good
fortune to live in this era."

358
00:20:10,160 --> 00:20:12,680
Adolf Hitler,
"Mein Kampf."

359
00:20:15,079 --> 00:20:17,479
- [Narrator] On
August the 2nd 1914,

360
00:20:17,480 --> 00:20:20,500
the day after Germany
declares war on Russia,

361
00:20:20,501 --> 00:20:23,439
there is a big patriotic
rally on Odeonsplatz

362
00:20:23,440 --> 00:20:25,400
in front of the Feldherrnhalle.

363
00:20:25,401 --> 00:20:28,239
(stately music)

364
00:20:28,240 --> 00:20:31,159
Heinrich Hoffmann photographed
the ceremony.

365
00:20:31,160 --> 00:20:33,159
Years later, in an enlargement,

366
00:20:33,160 --> 00:20:35,280
he discovers a face
among the masses,

367
00:20:35,281 --> 00:20:37,160
which is presumably Hitler's.

368
00:20:46,119 --> 00:20:47,758
(crowd shouting)

369
00:20:47,759 --> 00:20:49,620
- [Voiceover] "On
August the 5th 1914,

370
00:20:49,621 --> 00:20:52,400
I enlisted in the army on
a request to His Majesty

371
00:20:52,401 --> 00:20:55,400
and entered the First Bavarian
Infantry Regiment.

372
00:20:55,401 --> 00:20:57,319
I was deferred for several days,

373
00:20:57,320 --> 00:21:00,380
then transferred to the
Second Infantry Regiment,

374
00:21:00,381 --> 00:21:01,800
and finally assigned

375
00:21:01,801 --> 00:21:04,960
to the Bavarian Reserve
Infantry Regiment
Number 16

376
00:21:04,961 --> 00:21:06,720
on August the 16th."

377
00:21:08,640 --> 00:21:11,680
Adolf Hitler,
outline of my person.

378
00:21:15,480 --> 00:21:16,558
(soldiers chattering)

379
00:21:16,559 --> 00:21:18,400
- [Narrator] For the
first time in his life,

380
00:21:18,401 --> 00:21:20,519
Adolf Hitler wears a uniform.

381
00:21:22,680 --> 00:21:23,999
(train rattling)

382
00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:26,960
In the early morning hours
of October the 21st 1914,

383
00:21:27,799 --> 00:21:30,100
Hitler's regiment sets
out from Munich Station

384
00:21:30,101 --> 00:21:31,720
in a westerly direction.

385
00:21:32,960 --> 00:21:38,319
(explosions banging)
(gunfire rattling)

386
00:21:47,960 --> 00:21:50,840
Shortly after the first combat
mission of the List Regiment

387
00:21:50,841 --> 00:21:53,359
Hitler is promoted
to lance corporal.

388
00:21:55,319 --> 00:21:57,160
He will reject
further promotions

389
00:21:57,161 --> 00:21:59,180
during the course of the war.

390
00:21:59,181 --> 00:22:02,720
This would have involved an
attachment to other
army units,

391
00:22:02,721 --> 00:22:05,900
and Hitler would have lost the
camaraderie and security

392
00:22:05,901 --> 00:22:07,599
of the regimental family.

393
00:22:09,880 --> 00:22:13,079
(explosion banging)

394
00:22:16,039 --> 00:22:17,480
- [Voiceover] "For
the first time,

395
00:22:17,481 --> 00:22:19,459
Hitler was part of
a bigger community,

396
00:22:19,460 --> 00:22:21,520
and with that came the
order and structure

397
00:22:21,521 --> 00:22:24,599
that spared him the daily
struggle to survive."

398
00:22:27,200 --> 00:22:29,359
Fritz Wiedemann, Lieutenant.

399
00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:34,239
(ominous music)

400
00:22:34,240 --> 00:22:35,920
- [Narrator] As of
November the 9th,

401
00:22:35,921 --> 00:22:38,319
Hitler is deployed
as a dispatch runner

402
00:22:38,320 --> 00:22:40,780
and assigned to the
regimental staff.

403
00:22:40,781 --> 00:22:43,340
In the eyes of many
soldiers in the trenches,

404
00:22:43,341 --> 00:22:46,200
the staff orderlies behind
the immediate front

405
00:22:46,201 --> 00:22:47,880
are privileged cowards.

406
00:22:50,000 --> 00:22:52,360
- [Voiceover] "Whenever
death was on the prowl,

407
00:22:52,361 --> 00:22:54,700
a certain something
attempted to rebel

408
00:22:54,701 --> 00:22:58,000
and appeared to the weak body
in the guise
of reason,

409
00:22:58,001 --> 00:22:59,679
and was, in fact, only cowardice

410
00:22:59,680 --> 00:23:01,360
that was behind this disguise

411
00:23:01,361 --> 00:23:03,480
trying to seduce the individual.

412
00:23:05,400 --> 00:23:07,758
By the winter of 1915-16,

413
00:23:07,759 --> 00:23:10,679
this battle was
already decided for me.

414
00:23:10,680 --> 00:23:14,518
The will itself had finally
become my complete master.

415
00:23:14,519 --> 00:23:16,798
Now fate could
put me to the test

416
00:23:16,799 --> 00:23:18,798
without me losing my nerves.

417
00:23:18,799 --> 00:23:22,000
A young war volunteer had
become an old soldier."

418
00:23:23,759 --> 00:23:26,279
Adolf Hitler,
"Mein Kampf."

419
00:23:28,599 --> 00:23:29,920
- [Narrator] Hitler is respected

420
00:23:29,921 --> 00:23:32,480
by his comrades at
regimental headquarters,

421
00:23:32,481 --> 00:23:34,300
but he remains an outsider.

422
00:23:34,301 --> 00:23:37,820
In five of six photos showing
Hitler with his comrades,

423
00:23:37,821 --> 00:23:41,079
he's either standing
or sitting to one side.

424
00:23:44,279 --> 00:23:47,119
Hitler is wounded by British
artillery shrapnel

425
00:23:47,120 --> 00:23:49,078
on October the 5th 1916

426
00:23:49,079 --> 00:23:51,240
and is taken to the
Red Cross Hospital

427
00:23:51,241 --> 00:23:53,120
in Beelitz, south of Berlin.

428
00:23:53,121 --> 00:23:55,159
(gunfire rattling)

429
00:23:55,160 --> 00:23:57,118
By March the 1st 1917,

430
00:23:57,119 --> 00:24:00,559
he's back running dispatches
in the regimental staff.

431
00:24:01,640 --> 00:24:02,959
In the following months,

432
00:24:02,960 --> 00:24:05,359
he participates in
combat activities.

433
00:24:07,559 --> 00:24:10,038
On August the 4th 1918,

434
00:24:10,039 --> 00:24:13,118
Hitler is awarded the
Iron Cross First Class,

435
00:24:13,119 --> 00:24:16,200
the highest military honor
that soldiers of his rank

436
00:24:16,201 --> 00:24:19,038
in the Imperial German
Army can receive.

437
00:24:19,039 --> 00:24:22,479
The nomination was submitted
by a Jewish officer,

438
00:24:22,480 --> 00:24:24,558
Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann.

439
00:24:24,559 --> 00:24:26,959
(gloomy music)

440
00:24:26,960 --> 00:24:28,599
- [Voiceover] "I never
got out of Hitler

441
00:24:28,600 --> 00:24:31,600
the reason for his
fanatical hatred of Jews.

442
00:24:31,601 --> 00:24:34,639
The experience with Jewish
officers during
the World War

443
00:24:34,640 --> 00:24:36,720
couldn't have
contributed to this."

444
00:24:39,160 --> 00:24:41,599
Fritz Wiedemann, Lieutenant.

445
00:24:43,039 --> 00:24:46,239
(gunfire rattling)

446
00:24:46,240 --> 00:24:48,960
- [Narrator] In the night
of October the 13th,

447
00:24:48,961 --> 00:24:52,839
Hitler's war service ends in
a heavy British barrage.

448
00:24:56,240 --> 00:24:58,440
- [Voiceover]
"Mustard gas was used.

449
00:24:58,441 --> 00:25:02,260
On a hill south of the city of
Werwick, on October the 13th,

450
00:25:02,261 --> 00:25:03,839
we came under several hours

451
00:25:03,840 --> 00:25:06,118
of artillery fire
with gas shells.

452
00:25:06,119 --> 00:25:09,159
Already around midnight,
some of us dropped out,

453
00:25:09,160 --> 00:25:11,559
including some
comrades permanently.

454
00:25:12,359 --> 00:25:14,920
In the morning, I
too experienced pain

455
00:25:14,921 --> 00:25:17,639
that grew stronger
every 15 minutes,

456
00:25:17,640 --> 00:25:18,899
and at seven o'clock,

457
00:25:18,900 --> 00:25:21,540
I staggered and stumbled
back with burning eyes,

458
00:25:21,541 --> 00:25:24,240
taking my last message
of the war with me."

459
00:25:25,880 --> 00:25:27,720
Adolf Hitler,
"Mein Kampf."

460
00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:33,199
- [Narrator] After treatment
in a mobile army hospital,

461
00:25:33,200 --> 00:25:34,560
Adolf Hitler is transported

462
00:25:34,561 --> 00:25:36,160
to the Prussian Reserve Hospital

463
00:25:36,161 --> 00:25:38,479
in Pasewalk, Western Pomerania.

464
00:25:38,480 --> 00:25:42,919
He's been on the front for 42
of the 51 months of the war.

465
00:25:42,920 --> 00:25:45,719
Hitler remains in
Pasewalk for 28 days,

466
00:25:45,720 --> 00:25:47,960
during which the world changes.

467
00:25:51,119 --> 00:25:53,880
(somber music)

468
00:26:13,559 --> 00:26:15,358
(crowd cheering)

469
00:26:15,359 --> 00:26:17,879
In the military
hospital in Pasewalk,

470
00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:19,860
Adolf Hitler and the
other patients learn

471
00:26:19,861 --> 00:26:22,119
that a revolution
has taken place,

472
00:26:22,120 --> 00:26:26,000
the monarchy abdicated, and
a ceasefire been concluded.

473
00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:31,078
(crowd cheering)

474
00:26:31,079 --> 00:26:32,639
(somber music)

475
00:26:32,640 --> 00:26:34,079
- [Voiceover] "I hadn't cried

476
00:26:34,080 --> 00:26:36,480
since the day I stood
by my mother's grave.

477
00:26:36,481 --> 00:26:38,880
Now, I couldn't stop myself."

478
00:26:41,119 --> 00:26:43,160
Adolf Hitler,
"Mein Kampf."

479
00:26:45,599 --> 00:26:47,839
- [Narrator] Like everything
else in "Mein Kampf,"

480
00:26:47,840 --> 00:26:51,479
this portrayal is a stylization
and must be doubted.

481
00:26:51,480 --> 00:26:54,180
We don't know whether
it was Hitler's will

482
00:26:54,181 --> 00:26:55,540
or merely coincidence

483
00:26:55,541 --> 00:26:58,160
that influenced his future
course from then on.

484
00:27:00,200 --> 00:27:05,159
On November the 21st 1918,
Adolf Hitler returns
to Munich.

485
00:27:05,160 --> 00:27:09,119
He tries to evade
demobilization and
remain a soldier.

486
00:27:11,960 --> 00:27:13,900
There are clashes
between supporters

487
00:27:13,901 --> 00:27:15,199
of the Workers' Councils

488
00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:17,960
and parliamentary democracy
in the state capital.

489
00:27:20,440 --> 00:27:22,419
The social democratic majority

490
00:27:22,420 --> 00:27:24,700
allows right-wing
volunteer groups,

491
00:27:24,701 --> 00:27:26,380
the so-called Freikorps,

492
00:27:26,381 --> 00:27:28,920
to break the power of
the Workers' Councils.

493
00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:38,640
- [Voiceover] Letter to
Clara and Fritz Hess.

494
00:27:40,880 --> 00:27:44,078
"The Volunteer Corps made
an excellent impression.

495
00:27:44,079 --> 00:27:47,519
Without them, we would have
been finished
in Bavaria."

496
00:27:50,160 --> 00:27:53,839
Rudolf Hess, student and
member of the Freikorps.

497
00:27:55,799 --> 00:27:58,920
(foreboding music)

498
00:27:59,880 --> 00:28:01,799
- [Narrator] Adolf
Hitler keeps his distance

499
00:28:01,800 --> 00:28:03,600
to the revolutionary forces,

500
00:28:03,601 --> 00:28:06,079
but also to their
right-wing opponents.

501
00:28:07,920 --> 00:28:11,199
During this period, Hitler
grows more radical.

502
00:28:11,200 --> 00:28:14,999
He is under the influence of
army officers like Karl Mayr,

503
00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:17,279
the head of the
Intelligence Battalion.

504
00:28:20,039 --> 00:28:22,119
- [Voiceover] "When I met
him for the first time,

505
00:28:22,120 --> 00:28:25,559
he came across as a tired stray
dog looking for
an owner."

506
00:28:27,599 --> 00:28:30,839
Karl Mayr, Captain
of the Reichswehr.

507
00:28:33,240 --> 00:28:34,620
(train rattling)

508
00:28:34,621 --> 00:28:38,078
- [Narrator] Karl Mayr also
finances patriotic parties

509
00:28:38,079 --> 00:28:40,119
like the Deutsche
Arbeiterpartei,

510
00:28:40,120 --> 00:28:42,000
the German Workers' Party,

511
00:28:42,001 --> 00:28:46,118
which is founded in Munich
on January the 5th 1919,

512
00:28:46,119 --> 00:28:48,240
mainly by a group of railwaymen.

513
00:28:50,880 --> 00:28:52,558
(stately music)

514
00:28:52,559 --> 00:28:55,239
On September the 12th 1919,

515
00:28:55,240 --> 00:28:58,358
Hitler, who has in the
meantime been demobbed,

516
00:28:58,359 --> 00:29:01,879
is sent to spy on the German
Workers' Party
by Mayr,

517
00:29:01,880 --> 00:29:04,279
who also provides
financial support.

518
00:29:05,400 --> 00:29:06,880
- [Voiceover] "During
the discussion,

519
00:29:06,881 --> 00:29:09,598
a professor spoke
about separatist views.

520
00:29:09,599 --> 00:29:11,960
A second speaker
then took the floor

521
00:29:11,961 --> 00:29:15,519
and in short powerful words
demolished the professor.

522
00:29:16,200 --> 00:29:17,920
It was Adolf Hitler."

523
00:29:20,359 --> 00:29:24,400
Michael Lotter, Secretary of
the German Workers' Party.

524
00:29:26,160 --> 00:29:28,598
(pensive music)

525
00:29:28,599 --> 00:29:30,679
- [Voiceover] "One day,
I had the opportunity

526
00:29:30,680 --> 00:29:32,360
to talk to a large audience,

527
00:29:32,361 --> 00:29:35,759
and what I had always
instinctively felt
without knowing it

528
00:29:35,760 --> 00:29:37,639
turned out to be true.

529
00:29:37,640 --> 00:29:39,839
I could speak in public."

530
00:29:41,799 --> 00:29:44,359
Adolf Hitler,
"Mein Kampf."

531
00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:49,278
- [Narrator] In the second
half of September 1919,

532
00:29:49,279 --> 00:29:51,800
Hitler joins the
German Workers' Party

533
00:29:51,801 --> 00:29:54,959
and participates regularly
in its meetings.

534
00:29:54,960 --> 00:29:56,159
(crowd cheering)

535
00:29:56,160 --> 00:29:57,519
- [Voiceover] "Among the various

536
00:29:57,520 --> 00:29:59,559
right-wing radical
organizations,

537
00:29:59,560 --> 00:30:02,479
the NSDAP was by no
means the strongest,

538
00:30:02,480 --> 00:30:05,598
but it was the most active
and cohesive group.

539
00:30:05,599 --> 00:30:07,919
Its significance is
solely the result

540
00:30:07,920 --> 00:30:10,160
of the effect of
Hitler as a speaker."

541
00:30:12,799 --> 00:30:15,318
Ernst Hanfstaengl,
son of a publisher,

542
00:30:15,319 --> 00:30:18,558
acquaintance of Adolf
Hitler from 1920.

543
00:30:18,559 --> 00:30:21,798
(foreboding music)

544
00:30:21,799 --> 00:30:24,798
- [Narrator] On
February the 24th 1920,

545
00:30:24,799 --> 00:30:26,920
Hitler speaks for the first time

546
00:30:26,921 --> 00:30:30,400
in front of more than 1,000
people at the Hofbrauhaus.

547
00:30:30,401 --> 00:30:33,719
He also announces the
25-point party program,

548
00:30:33,720 --> 00:30:36,798
which is formally valid for
a quarter of
a century

549
00:30:36,799 --> 00:30:39,119
until the demise of the NSDAP.

550
00:30:43,880 --> 00:30:46,919
- [Voiceover] First, we
demand the unification

551
00:30:46,920 --> 00:30:49,040
of all Germans in
a greater Germany

552
00:30:49,041 --> 00:30:52,200
based on the rights
of self-determination
of the people.

553
00:30:53,200 --> 00:30:56,838
Second, we demand equal rights
for the German people

554
00:30:56,839 --> 00:30:58,639
in respect to other nations

555
00:30:58,640 --> 00:31:00,560
and the abrogation
of the peace treaties

556
00:31:00,561 --> 00:31:02,759
of Versailles and Saint-Germain.

557
00:31:03,839 --> 00:31:06,358
Third, we demand
land and territory

558
00:31:06,359 --> 00:31:08,100
for the sustenance of our people

559
00:31:08,101 --> 00:31:10,720
and settlement of our
surplus population.

560
00:31:11,720 --> 00:31:15,479
Fourth, only a national
comrade can be a citizen,

561
00:31:15,480 --> 00:31:18,919
Only those of German blood
can be national comrades,

562
00:31:18,920 --> 00:31:20,879
regardless of creed.

563
00:31:20,880 --> 00:31:24,960
Consequently, no Jew can
be a national comrade.

564
00:31:26,079 --> 00:31:27,199
(regal music)

565
00:31:27,200 --> 00:31:28,660
- [Narrator] A few days later,

566
00:31:28,661 --> 00:31:31,640
they changed their name from
the German Workers' Party

567
00:31:31,641 --> 00:31:35,359
to the National Socialist
German Workers' Party
or NSDAP.

568
00:31:36,799 --> 00:31:38,799
- [Voiceover] "Hitler
was the party,

569
00:31:38,800 --> 00:31:40,759
and the party was Hitler."

570
00:31:41,680 --> 00:31:43,000
Ernst Hanfstaengl.

571
00:31:43,001 --> 00:31:45,399
(people cheering)

572
00:31:45,400 --> 00:31:48,039
(regal music)

573
00:31:49,519 --> 00:31:52,160
- [Voiceover] "Because right
now, here in Munich,

574
00:31:52,161 --> 00:31:54,100
a movement is starting so strong

575
00:31:54,101 --> 00:31:56,400
that all young, powerful,
and healthy forces

576
00:31:56,401 --> 00:31:57,800
are attracted to it.

577
00:31:57,801 --> 00:32:00,720
It is the National Socialist
German Workers' Party.

578
00:32:01,680 --> 00:32:05,680
To make it absolutely clear,
we're anti-Semites."

579
00:32:07,599 --> 00:32:09,838
Ilse Prohl, later Ilse Hess,

580
00:32:09,839 --> 00:32:13,439
from 1921, member of the NSDAP.

581
00:32:13,440 --> 00:32:15,599
Letter to her former
college teacher.

582
00:32:21,720 --> 00:32:24,480
(somber music)

583
00:32:44,200 --> 00:32:45,700
(people chattering)

584
00:32:45,701 --> 00:32:48,400
- [Voiceover] "When the first
party congress
is held,

585
00:32:48,401 --> 00:32:50,999
the Augsburg SA is
well-represented.

586
00:32:51,000 --> 00:32:53,200
At this first
public presentation,

587
00:32:53,201 --> 00:32:56,118
I get the impression
that this has substance.

588
00:32:56,119 --> 00:32:57,919
We are not alone.

589
00:32:57,920 --> 00:33:00,480
The idea of the
Fatherland is growing."

590
00:33:03,240 --> 00:33:06,720
Karl Wahl, Augsburg,
former SA member.

591
00:33:09,160 --> 00:33:12,000
- [Narrator] The German
economy collapses.

592
00:33:12,001 --> 00:33:15,960
In August 1923,
hyperinflation sets in.

593
00:33:18,960 --> 00:33:22,199
- [Voiceover] "Everything
is getting worse, famine.

594
00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:25,598
A loaf of bread, 140 billion.

595
00:33:25,599 --> 00:33:28,078
Then reduced again
to 80 billion.

596
00:33:28,079 --> 00:33:30,559
Famine, famine everywhere."

597
00:33:32,720 --> 00:33:35,960
Kathe Kollwitz,
painter and sculptress.

598
00:33:40,160 --> 00:33:42,000
- [Narrator] The
national associations

599
00:33:42,001 --> 00:33:44,119
overestimate their own strength

600
00:33:44,120 --> 00:33:47,519
and believe that parliamentary
democracy is
at an end.

601
00:33:50,160 --> 00:33:52,559
- [Voiceover] Interview with
the Daily Mail newspaper,

602
00:33:52,560 --> 00:33:55,119
October the 2nd 1923.

603
00:33:55,960 --> 00:33:58,600
"If a Mussolini were
to appear in Germany,

604
00:33:58,601 --> 00:34:01,100
then the people would fall on
their knees and
worship him

605
00:34:01,101 --> 00:34:04,079
more than Mussolini has
ever been worshiped."

606
00:34:06,440 --> 00:34:08,039
Adolf Hitler.

607
00:34:09,119 --> 00:34:11,800
- [Voiceover] "A large revolt
from the right
in Bavaria

608
00:34:11,801 --> 00:34:13,880
with Ludendorff at its head."

609
00:34:16,119 --> 00:34:19,920
Henrietta Schneider,
District L, East Prussia.

610
00:34:22,239 --> 00:34:24,238
(dignified music)

611
00:34:24,239 --> 00:34:26,199
- [Voiceover] Report of
the regional government

612
00:34:26,200 --> 00:34:27,559
of Upper Bavaria.

613
00:34:27,560 --> 00:34:30,760
Munich, November the 9th 1923.

614
00:34:32,239 --> 00:34:34,000
"The day before yesterday,

615
00:34:34,001 --> 00:34:36,399
Hitler promised
General Von Lossow

616
00:34:36,400 --> 00:34:38,720
and Colonel Von
Seisser personally

617
00:34:38,721 --> 00:34:40,700
that he would not
undertake anything.

618
00:34:40,701 --> 00:34:43,440
The answer to this word of
honor was given
last night

619
00:34:43,441 --> 00:34:46,840
when, with pistol in hand,
Hitler extorted
a declaration

620
00:34:46,841 --> 00:34:48,780
in favor of a
national dictatorship

621
00:34:48,781 --> 00:34:51,199
from General State
Commissioner Von Kahr,

622
00:34:51,200 --> 00:34:54,239
General Von Lossow, and
Colonel Von Seisser.

623
00:34:57,239 --> 00:34:59,379
At the same time,
the ministers present

624
00:34:59,380 --> 00:35:01,840
were taken into custody
by Hitler's people."

625
00:35:03,840 --> 00:35:05,580
- [Narrator] Hitler
presents his suggestions

626
00:35:05,581 --> 00:35:07,800
for new governments
in Berlin and Munich

627
00:35:07,801 --> 00:35:09,760
and mentions Erich Ludendorff

628
00:35:09,761 --> 00:35:12,440
as fuhrer and chief
with dictatorial power

629
00:35:12,441 --> 00:35:14,400
over the German National Army.

630
00:35:15,239 --> 00:35:17,060
He asks the already
drunken audience.

631
00:35:17,061 --> 00:35:18,800
- [Voiceover] "Do you
accept this solution

632
00:35:18,801 --> 00:35:22,140
for the German question of
a greater German state?"

633
00:35:22,141 --> 00:35:24,760
- [Narrator] Then as the crowd
shouts its agreement,

634
00:35:24,761 --> 00:35:26,238
Hitler proclaims.

635
00:35:26,239 --> 00:35:28,039
- [Voiceover] "Morning
will either find us

636
00:35:28,040 --> 00:35:31,440
with a national government in
Germany or find
us dead."

637
00:35:32,519 --> 00:35:33,960
- [Narrator] The
revolt is intended

638
00:35:33,961 --> 00:35:35,600
to put Munich and Bavaria

639
00:35:35,601 --> 00:35:37,520
in the hands of the
revolutionaries,

640
00:35:37,521 --> 00:35:39,480
and then with a march on Berlin,

641
00:35:39,481 --> 00:35:41,560
to topple the democratic system.

642
00:35:41,561 --> 00:35:43,679
The putschists are
counting on defections

643
00:35:43,680 --> 00:35:46,800
from the army in Bavaria
and the Bavarian police.

644
00:35:46,801 --> 00:35:49,959
These, however,
fail to materialize.

645
00:35:49,960 --> 00:35:52,000
On the morning of
November the 10th,

646
00:35:52,001 --> 00:35:54,799
2,000 revolutionaries,
some armed,

647
00:35:54,800 --> 00:35:56,760
march from the
Burgerbrau Beer Hall

648
00:35:56,761 --> 00:36:00,400
through the center of town to
Ludwigstrasse at Odeonsplatz.

649
00:36:01,079 --> 00:36:04,238
(ominous music)

650
00:36:04,239 --> 00:36:09,599
10 years later, Munich,
November the 9th 1933.

651
00:36:10,159 --> 00:36:11,899
Amateur film of a tradition

652
00:36:11,900 --> 00:36:15,199
that actually dates from the
year of the seizure of power.

653
00:36:15,200 --> 00:36:18,638
The annual march of the
old fighters of the NSDAP

654
00:36:18,639 --> 00:36:20,879
to the Feldherrnhalle.

655
00:36:20,880 --> 00:36:23,198
Leading the column, as in 1923,

656
00:36:23,199 --> 00:36:25,880
are Adolf Hitler
and Hermann Goering.

657
00:36:30,079 --> 00:36:31,420
(triumphant music)

658
00:36:31,421 --> 00:36:33,800
- [Voiceover] "We retreated
to Cafe Stephanie.

659
00:36:33,801 --> 00:36:35,180
People soon came in and said

660
00:36:35,181 --> 00:36:37,360
there had been a skirmish
on the Odeonsplatz,

661
00:36:37,361 --> 00:36:39,060
and the enormous
crowd of Hitler men

662
00:36:39,061 --> 00:36:41,719
turned and ran away
from the state police."

663
00:36:43,159 --> 00:36:46,440
Oskar Maria Graf,
writer, from my life.

664
00:36:52,559 --> 00:36:54,919
(gloomy music)

665
00:36:54,920 --> 00:36:57,479
- [Narrator] On
November the 12th 1923,

666
00:36:57,480 --> 00:37:01,638
Adolf Hitler is sent to the
fortress prison
in Landsberg.

667
00:37:01,639 --> 00:37:03,599
He is given cell number seven.

668
00:37:06,440 --> 00:37:09,460
The leaders of the putsch are
put on trial for high treason

669
00:37:09,461 --> 00:37:12,559
in the main lecture theater
of the Central
War School

670
00:37:12,560 --> 00:37:14,400
on February the 26th 1924.

671
00:37:20,480 --> 00:37:23,000
- [Voiceover] Report of
the Wittenberg emissary,

672
00:37:23,001 --> 00:37:25,079
March the 13th 1924.

673
00:37:26,239 --> 00:37:28,999
"I attended one of
the hearings myself,

674
00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:31,680
and I was upset to
see how the observers,

675
00:37:31,681 --> 00:37:33,360
who you could clearly
see were mostly

676
00:37:33,361 --> 00:37:35,300
from circles close to Hitler,

677
00:37:35,301 --> 00:37:37,559
used every opportunity
to show their support

678
00:37:37,560 --> 00:37:38,840
for the accused."

679
00:37:41,360 --> 00:37:43,199
Karl Moser von Filseck.

680
00:37:44,719 --> 00:37:46,078
(gloomy music)

681
00:37:46,079 --> 00:37:48,999
- [Voiceover] Letter to
Clara and Fritz Hess.

682
00:37:49,000 --> 00:37:51,340
"Hitler's final
statement enclosed.

683
00:37:51,341 --> 00:37:53,540
It is one of the best,
most powerful speeches

684
00:37:53,541 --> 00:37:54,800
that he has ever given.

685
00:37:54,801 --> 00:37:56,159
Even those in the courtroom

686
00:37:56,160 --> 00:37:58,639
who weren't particularly
friendly to Hitler

687
00:37:58,640 --> 00:37:59,760
were deeply moved."

688
00:38:01,480 --> 00:38:03,280
Rudolf Hess, student.

689
00:38:08,079 --> 00:38:09,719
- [Narrator] The
verdict is handed down

690
00:38:09,720 --> 00:38:12,198
on April the 1st 1924.

691
00:38:12,199 --> 00:38:15,320
All of the accused, with the
exception of Ludendorff,

692
00:38:15,321 --> 00:38:16,679
are found guilty.

693
00:38:21,360 --> 00:38:24,279
In his 13 months in
Landsberg Prison,

694
00:38:24,280 --> 00:38:27,300
Adolf Hitler begins the
transcript of a manifesto

695
00:38:27,301 --> 00:38:29,960
that portrays his alleged
journey through life

696
00:38:29,961 --> 00:38:32,240
and his development
as a politician

697
00:38:32,241 --> 00:38:34,400
and sets out his worldview.

698
00:38:37,920 --> 00:38:39,519
- [Voiceover] "So I decided

699
00:38:39,520 --> 00:38:42,519
not only to clarify the
goals of our movement,

700
00:38:42,520 --> 00:38:45,638
but also to draw a picture
of its development.

701
00:38:45,639 --> 00:38:47,740
With that, I also had the chance

702
00:38:47,741 --> 00:38:50,760
to give a representation
of my own development.

703
00:38:51,639 --> 00:38:54,519
Adolf Hitler, Forward
to "Mein Kampf."

704
00:38:56,199 --> 00:38:58,559
- [Narrator] The biographical
parts of
his book

705
00:38:58,560 --> 00:39:01,879
are, to a great extent,
exaggerated and unverified.

706
00:39:01,880 --> 00:39:05,118
However, his political
goals are deadly serious.

707
00:39:05,119 --> 00:39:07,540
His view of the world
is voluntaristic.

708
00:39:07,541 --> 00:39:09,760
He sees it as he
wants to see it.

709
00:39:12,320 --> 00:39:14,800
Hitler's political
gospel is derived

710
00:39:14,801 --> 00:39:18,959
from a primitive Darwinian idea
of a struggle for existence.

711
00:39:18,960 --> 00:39:20,639
It reflects the permanent fight

712
00:39:20,640 --> 00:39:22,660
for survival of all against all,

713
00:39:22,661 --> 00:39:25,360
transferred from nature
to human society.

714
00:39:25,361 --> 00:39:27,519
This struggle is, in his view,

715
00:39:27,520 --> 00:39:31,158
a selection process in which
so-called high quality races

716
00:39:31,159 --> 00:39:33,280
have a better
chance of survival.

717
00:39:33,281 --> 00:39:35,719
At its head is
supposedly a white person

718
00:39:35,720 --> 00:39:39,280
of the Nordic race of Aryans,
the founders
of culture.

719
00:39:40,960 --> 00:39:43,399
Like most anti-Semites
before him,

720
00:39:43,400 --> 00:39:45,999
Hitler believes in a Jewish race

721
00:39:46,000 --> 00:39:48,519
disguised as a
religious community.

722
00:39:49,760 --> 00:39:51,960
He sees Jews in history as being

723
00:39:51,961 --> 00:39:54,678
parasites in the
bodies of other nations

724
00:39:54,679 --> 00:39:58,239
and as contaminators of the
blood of the
Aryan race.

725
00:40:03,639 --> 00:40:06,560
- [Voiceover] "For hours,
the black-haired Jew boy

726
00:40:06,561 --> 00:40:08,920
waits to ambush the
unsuspecting girl

727
00:40:08,921 --> 00:40:10,940
whom he pollutes with his blood

728
00:40:10,941 --> 00:40:13,119
and thus steals her
from her people.

729
00:40:14,039 --> 00:40:15,760
With the same hidden agenda,

730
00:40:15,761 --> 00:40:17,880
destroying the hated white race

731
00:40:17,881 --> 00:40:20,800
with the inevitable resulting
bastardization."

732
00:40:23,599 --> 00:40:26,198
Adolf Hitler,
"Mein Kampf."

733
00:40:26,199 --> 00:40:29,119
- [Narrator] In another
chapter, Hitler
drafts plans

734
00:40:29,120 --> 00:40:32,558
for territorial living space
for his Aryan German people.

735
00:40:32,559 --> 00:40:34,000
- [Voiceover] "We are stopping

736
00:40:34,001 --> 00:40:35,760
the endless Germany
movement southwards

737
00:40:35,761 --> 00:40:38,840
and turning our gaze towards
the land in
the east.

738
00:40:39,639 --> 00:40:42,260
If today we speak of
new land in Europe,

739
00:40:42,261 --> 00:40:45,078
we can primarily only
have in mind Russia

740
00:40:45,079 --> 00:40:47,360
and her vassal border states."

741
00:40:48,800 --> 00:40:51,280
Adolf Hitler,
"Mein Kampf."

742
00:40:53,159 --> 00:40:55,920
(somber music)

743
00:41:20,360 --> 00:41:23,960
- [Voiceover] Diary,
January the 14th 1925.

744
00:41:25,960 --> 00:41:27,360
"At the end of the month,

745
00:41:27,079 --> 00:41:28,800
Hitler wants to call
for the reestablishment

746
00:41:28,801 --> 00:41:32,078
of the National Socialist
German Workers' Party,

747
00:41:32,079 --> 00:41:33,480
the only thing to do."

748
00:41:36,719 --> 00:41:38,079
Joseph Goebbels.

749
00:41:43,320 --> 00:41:45,079
- [Narrator] Hitler's
remaining sentence

750
00:41:45,080 --> 00:41:50,199
of three years, 333 days,
21 hours, and 50 minutes

751
00:41:51,360 --> 00:41:55,238
is waived according
to the pedantically
exact court records.

752
00:41:55,239 --> 00:41:58,518
On February the 27th 1925,

753
00:41:58,519 --> 00:42:01,079
Hitler reestablishes the party.

754
00:42:02,239 --> 00:42:03,920
In the first round of elections

755
00:42:03,921 --> 00:42:07,959
for German president
on March the 29th 1925,

756
00:42:07,960 --> 00:42:09,599
Erich Ludendorff
is the candidate

757
00:42:09,600 --> 00:42:12,678
of the NSDAP and other
nationalistic groups.

758
00:42:12,679 --> 00:42:15,919
He only receives
1.1% of the votes.

759
00:42:15,920 --> 00:42:18,240
When Paul von Hindenburg
enters the race

760
00:42:18,241 --> 00:42:19,780
in the second round of voting,

761
00:42:19,781 --> 00:42:21,280
Hitler orders his party

762
00:42:21,281 --> 00:42:24,558
to support the aging
77-year-old army general.

763
00:42:24,559 --> 00:42:27,359
Hitler and Ludendorff
go separate ways.

764
00:42:27,360 --> 00:42:31,479
Hitler is now the sole leader
of the national camp.

765
00:42:31,480 --> 00:42:34,279
(crowd shouting)

766
00:42:34,280 --> 00:42:38,319
- [Voiceover] Diary,
April the 26th 1925.

767
00:42:38,320 --> 00:42:39,999
"Hindenburg elected.

768
00:42:40,000 --> 00:42:42,760
Is he the man that Germany
needs at this time?

769
00:42:42,761 --> 00:42:44,238
Is he not too old?

770
00:42:44,239 --> 00:42:46,079
Too easy to influence?"

771
00:42:48,320 --> 00:42:51,439
Bella Fromm, German
Jewish journalist.

772
00:42:51,440 --> 00:42:54,480
(dignified music)

773
00:42:55,960 --> 00:43:00,119
- [Narrator] From 1924 onwards,
the German economy recovers.

774
00:43:01,119 --> 00:43:05,078
This leads to the five golden
years of the Weimar Republic.

775
00:43:05,079 --> 00:43:08,038
(traffic clamoring)

776
00:43:08,039 --> 00:43:09,719
- [Voiceover] "Looking
back on it now,

777
00:43:09,720 --> 00:43:13,399
I see the mad whirl of this
Berlin of 1928
and '29

778
00:43:13,400 --> 00:43:15,399
as a kind of Pompeian revel

779
00:43:15,400 --> 00:43:18,079
on the eve of the
Vesuvian eruption."

780
00:43:22,159 --> 00:43:23,479
Sefton Delmer,

781
00:43:23,480 --> 00:43:26,360
correspondent of the
Daily Express in Berlin.

782
00:43:30,760 --> 00:43:33,440
- [Voiceover] "The Nazis
hated culture itself

783
00:43:34,360 --> 00:43:36,840
because it is
essentially international

784
00:43:36,841 --> 00:43:39,440
and therefore subversive
of nationalism."

785
00:43:42,320 --> 00:43:45,518
Christopher Isherwood,
British American writer.

786
00:43:45,519 --> 00:43:48,239
(tense music)

787
00:43:50,599 --> 00:43:53,639
(sprightly music)

788
00:43:57,199 --> 00:44:00,400
- [Voiceover] "In the 1920s,
Berlin was ahead of everything

789
00:44:00,401 --> 00:44:02,759
that was known as
new in our field.

790
00:44:02,760 --> 00:44:04,280
It had everything.

791
00:44:04,281 --> 00:44:08,399
Reinhardt's great theater,
great film studios,
great films.

792
00:44:08,400 --> 00:44:10,840
The most beautiful
bars and restaurants,

793
00:44:10,841 --> 00:44:12,479
including gay bars.

794
00:44:12,480 --> 00:44:15,359
Berlin was productive
and rich with ideas,

795
00:44:15,360 --> 00:44:18,678
rich in ideals, and at
the same time practical,

796
00:44:18,679 --> 00:44:21,559
a combination never
achieved before."

797
00:44:23,559 --> 00:44:27,000
Marlene Dietrich, actress
and singer, memoirs.

798
00:44:27,880 --> 00:44:30,760
(elegant music)

799
00:44:34,639 --> 00:44:37,160
- [Voiceover] "Art was no
longer a mere ornament
of life,

800
00:44:37,161 --> 00:44:39,360
but rather its
immediate expression.

801
00:44:40,679 --> 00:44:43,360
Cubism, futurism, expressionism,

802
00:44:44,320 --> 00:44:47,239
whatever you want to call it,
this is how we
wear it.

803
00:44:47,240 --> 00:44:48,920
This was our world,

804
00:44:48,921 --> 00:44:52,320
so shaken and shocked that
everything was upside-down.

805
00:44:54,320 --> 00:44:55,399
Surrealism?

806
00:44:55,400 --> 00:44:57,440
Of course! What else?"

807
00:44:59,440 --> 00:45:02,118
Vicki Baum, writer
and journalist.

808
00:45:02,119 --> 00:45:04,840
(jaunty music)

809
00:45:06,599 --> 00:45:07,959
(crowd cheering)

810
00:45:07,960 --> 00:45:10,800
- [Narrator] Despite the lack
of political success,

811
00:45:10,801 --> 00:45:13,280
the party stages
spectacular rallies,

812
00:45:13,281 --> 00:45:15,360
first in Munich and Weimar,

813
00:45:16,360 --> 00:45:21,359
then from 1927 onwards,
exclusively in Nuremberg.

814
00:45:21,360 --> 00:45:24,360
(crowd cheering)

815
00:45:26,679 --> 00:45:30,679
- [Voiceover] Diary, Nuremberg,
August the
4th 1929.

816
00:45:31,719 --> 00:45:35,239
"A stampede of people that
exceeds our wildest hopes.

817
00:45:36,360 --> 00:45:39,399
Outside, the drums
are already booming.

818
00:45:39,400 --> 00:45:41,880
Torch light processions,
endlessly long."

819
00:45:44,159 --> 00:45:46,320
Joseph Goebbels, NSDAP
leader of Berlin.

820
00:45:49,679 --> 00:45:52,078
(plane rattling)

821
00:45:52,079 --> 00:45:54,900
- [Voiceover] "The
party conventions
are without question,

822
00:45:54,901 --> 00:45:56,300
Hitler's personal work.

823
00:45:56,301 --> 00:45:58,420
Just as he was involved
in building the SA

824
00:45:58,421 --> 00:46:00,960
from the smallest
details of the uniforms

825
00:46:00,961 --> 00:46:03,119
to the color of
the collar patches,

826
00:46:03,120 --> 00:46:04,300
he concerned himself

827
00:46:04,301 --> 00:46:06,320
with the planning of
the party conventions,

828
00:46:06,321 --> 00:46:09,199
right down to the decorations
in the Congress Hall."

829
00:46:11,960 --> 00:46:15,719
Albert Krebs, NSDAP
leader, Hamburg.

830
00:46:17,159 --> 00:46:20,839
- [Voiceover] "Through the
city, a triumphant procession,

831
00:46:20,840 --> 00:46:23,518
everyone cheering
and throwing flowers,

832
00:46:23,519 --> 00:46:26,360
marched past, almost four hours.

833
00:46:27,480 --> 00:46:29,559
A sea of joy and flowers."

834
00:46:33,519 --> 00:46:35,558
Joseph Goebbels, diary.

835
00:46:35,559 --> 00:46:38,480
(crowd cheering)

836
00:46:39,360 --> 00:46:41,200
- [Narrator] The
continuing fragmentation

837
00:46:41,201 --> 00:46:43,480
of the party landscape
is advantageous

838
00:46:43,481 --> 00:46:46,118
for the rise of the NSDAP.

839
00:46:46,119 --> 00:46:48,560
In elections, they win
more and more support

840
00:46:48,561 --> 00:46:50,920
from the splinter
and protest parties.

841
00:46:58,639 --> 00:47:00,879
After imprisonment in Landsberg,

842
00:47:00,880 --> 00:47:04,718
Hitler becomes the sole leader
of the nationalist movement.

843
00:47:04,719 --> 00:47:06,580
He feels chosen by destiny

844
00:47:06,581 --> 00:47:09,879
to show Germany the way
to national salvation.

845
00:47:09,880 --> 00:47:13,199
Although the party remains
unsuccessful at the polls

846
00:47:13,200 --> 00:47:15,700
and membership
increases only slowly,

847
00:47:15,701 --> 00:47:18,639
the personality cult
around Hitler is growing.

848
00:47:19,320 --> 00:47:20,839
This fuhrer cult

849
00:47:20,840 --> 00:47:23,480
holds the National Socialist
Movement together

850
00:47:23,481 --> 00:47:27,320
across ideological divisions
and personal differences.

851
00:47:34,480 --> 00:47:37,399
Between 1925 and 1929,

852
00:47:37,400 --> 00:47:39,159
Hitler's small
political movement

853
00:47:39,160 --> 00:47:42,359
is marked by activism,
dynamism, enthusiasm,

854
00:47:42,360 --> 00:47:44,360
youthfulness, and strength.

855
00:47:45,159 --> 00:47:49,959
Nearly 60% of new party members
are under 30
years old.

856
00:47:49,960 --> 00:47:52,960
(people laughing)

857
00:47:57,639 --> 00:48:00,139
- [Voiceover] "Street
processions, press promotions,

858
00:48:00,140 --> 00:48:02,239
propaganda tours
into the provinces

859
00:48:02,240 --> 00:48:05,200
created an atmosphere
of activism and tension.

860
00:48:05,201 --> 00:48:06,880
There were countless clashes

861
00:48:06,881 --> 00:48:11,239
and wounded people, even dead
people left in
the square."

862
00:48:14,599 --> 00:48:16,480
Horst Wessel, autobiography.

863
00:48:18,320 --> 00:48:21,799
(vehicles rumbling)

864
00:48:21,800 --> 00:48:24,960
- [Narrator] In February 1930,
one of the casualties

865
00:48:24,961 --> 00:48:27,678
will be the Berlin
student Horst Wessel.

866
00:48:27,679 --> 00:48:33,000
(people shouting)
(horses neighing)

867
00:48:36,079 --> 00:48:40,199
(singing in foreign language)

868
00:49:16,639 --> 00:49:21,480
(Hitler speaking in
foreign language)

869
00:49:36,280 --> 00:49:39,319
- [Narrator] On
November the 16th 1928,

870
00:49:39,320 --> 00:49:40,839
for the first time

871
00:49:40,840 --> 00:49:43,900
after the ban on public
speaking in Prussia
has been lifted,

872
00:49:43,901 --> 00:49:46,559
Hitler speaks in the
Sportpalast in Berlin,

873
00:49:46,560 --> 00:49:49,558
allegedly in front
of 18,000 supporters.

874
00:49:49,559 --> 00:49:51,199
For the first time, he uses

875
00:49:51,200 --> 00:49:53,399
an electro-acoustic
sound system,

876
00:49:53,400 --> 00:49:55,359
speaking into a microphone,

877
00:49:55,360 --> 00:49:58,959
and for the first time, his
words are clearly understood

878
00:49:58,960 --> 00:50:01,518
in every corner
of a large space.

879
00:50:01,519 --> 00:50:04,440
(reel rattling)

880
00:50:13,639 --> 00:50:17,800
(speaking in foreign language)

881
00:50:37,719 --> 00:50:40,480
(somber music)

882
00:51:00,519 --> 00:51:03,638
(crowd cheering)

883
00:51:03,639 --> 00:51:05,638
- [Voiceover] October 1929.

884
00:51:05,639 --> 00:51:07,700
"Angry autumn after
a beautiful summer.

885
00:51:07,701 --> 00:51:09,240
Rain and calm weather

886
00:51:09,241 --> 00:51:11,520
and something
suffocating in the air,

887
00:51:11,521 --> 00:51:13,060
and it wasn't the weather.

888
00:51:13,061 --> 00:51:16,760
For the first time on the
street, manure brown uniforms."

889
00:51:20,199 --> 00:51:23,320
Sebastian Haffner,
journalist, memoirs.

890
00:51:26,400 --> 00:51:27,839
(triumphant music)

891
00:51:27,840 --> 00:51:31,240
- [Narrator] The SPD had won
the German elections of 1928,

892
00:51:31,241 --> 00:51:33,640
and since then led a
coalition government

893
00:51:33,641 --> 00:51:35,800
with the middle-class
people's parties.

894
00:51:38,400 --> 00:51:40,720
This falls apart one
year after the death

895
00:51:40,721 --> 00:51:42,480
of the liberal foreign minister

896
00:51:42,481 --> 00:51:44,759
over domestic
policy differences.

897
00:51:44,760 --> 00:51:46,879
In 1930, Chancellor Bruning

898
00:51:46,880 --> 00:51:50,480
convinces President
Von Hindenburg to
dissolve Parliament

899
00:51:50,481 --> 00:51:53,999
and call for new elections
24 months early.

900
00:51:54,000 --> 00:51:55,680
Bruning is determined to govern

901
00:51:55,681 --> 00:51:57,239
with the help of the president,

902
00:51:57,240 --> 00:51:59,598
if necessary,
without a majority.

903
00:51:59,599 --> 00:52:02,400
(stately music)

904
00:52:05,159 --> 00:52:06,800
- [Voiceover] "National
Socialists were now

905
00:52:06,801 --> 00:52:08,359
sitting in Parliament.

906
00:52:08,360 --> 00:52:11,559
The rise of the party could
no longer be overlooked."

907
00:52:14,440 --> 00:52:18,638
Ernst Niekisch, National
Bolshevist, Hitler opponent.

908
00:52:18,639 --> 00:52:20,799
(crowd cheering)

909
00:52:20,800 --> 00:52:22,198
(rhythmic music)

910
00:52:22,199 --> 00:52:24,559
- [Narrator] Following
the example of Italy,

911
00:52:24,560 --> 00:52:26,160
at the end of the 1920s,

912
00:52:26,161 --> 00:52:28,000
movements which
are called fascist

913
00:52:28,001 --> 00:52:30,839
are gaining strength
all over Europe.

914
00:52:30,840 --> 00:52:33,040
In some Eastern European states,

915
00:52:33,041 --> 00:52:34,680
dictatorial governments rely

916
00:52:34,681 --> 00:52:36,840
on the support of such factions.

917
00:52:37,960 --> 00:52:41,999
A union of fascists is also
established
in the UK.

918
00:52:42,000 --> 00:52:44,960
(crowd shouting)

919
00:52:46,800 --> 00:52:50,559
A party demonstration
in Manchester in 1934.

920
00:52:51,920 --> 00:52:53,400
- [Voiceover] Sir Oswald Mosley,

921
00:52:53,401 --> 00:52:55,880
founder, British
Union of Fascists.

922
00:52:59,880 --> 00:53:05,280
"In 1930, unemployment had
increased to 3,076,000,

923
00:53:06,119 --> 00:53:09,799
and the National Socialists
then increased their
MPs to 108

924
00:53:09,800 --> 00:53:12,038
with a vote of 18%.

925
00:53:12,039 --> 00:53:13,920
Less than three years later,

926
00:53:13,921 --> 00:53:16,760
the National Socialist
Party came to power.

927
00:53:16,761 --> 00:53:20,678
Unemployment had
risen to 6,014,000."

928
00:53:20,679 --> 00:53:23,599
(crowd shouting)

929
00:53:38,400 --> 00:53:42,800
- [Voiceover] New Year's
Order, December
the 31st 1931.

930
00:53:43,719 --> 00:53:47,379
"The army of brown shirts has
multiplied numerous times.

931
00:53:47,380 --> 00:53:50,920
The movement has suffered a
great deal of blood sacrifice.

932
00:53:51,599 --> 00:53:53,920
Comrades, at the
beginning of this year,

933
00:53:53,921 --> 00:53:56,640
I thank you for everything
that you accomplished

934
00:53:56,641 --> 00:53:59,320
over the past year
through dedicated work

935
00:53:59,321 --> 00:54:01,279
and self-sacrificing battles.

936
00:54:01,280 --> 00:54:04,519
You can enter the new year
with joyful confidence,

937
00:54:04,520 --> 00:54:07,440
proud of what you achieved
in the year 1931."

938
00:54:11,119 --> 00:54:12,159
Adolf Hitler.

939
00:54:13,599 --> 00:54:14,839
(pensive music)

940
00:54:14,840 --> 00:54:16,760
- [Narrator] After an
internal party discussion

941
00:54:16,761 --> 00:54:18,480
in Munich on February the 2nd,

942
00:54:19,440 --> 00:54:22,039
Adolf Hitler decides to run
in the first round
of voting

943
00:54:22,040 --> 00:54:25,679
in the German presidential
elections of March 1932.

944
00:54:29,679 --> 00:54:33,920
- [Voiceover] Diary, Berlin,
February the
16th 1932.

945
00:54:35,880 --> 00:54:38,840
"What a strange country
in which the presidency

946
00:54:38,841 --> 00:54:42,719
must be decided
between Thalmann,
Hitler, or Hindenburg."

947
00:54:46,199 --> 00:54:49,239
Thea Sternheim, art
collector and author.

948
00:54:50,920 --> 00:54:53,800
- [Voiceover] "Again it was
the politics of toleration

949
00:54:53,801 --> 00:54:57,158
when the SPD asked its voters
to vote for Hindenburg,

950
00:54:57,159 --> 00:54:59,599
and how faithfully
they followed."

951
00:55:01,760 --> 00:55:05,199
Golo Mann, son of
Thomas and Katia Mann.

952
00:55:08,320 --> 00:55:12,719
- [Voiceover] Diary, Monday,
February the
29th 1932.

953
00:55:13,599 --> 00:55:15,000
"Who will win?"

954
00:55:16,360 --> 00:55:20,239
Henrietta Schneider,
housekeeper, East Prussia.

955
00:55:22,920 --> 00:55:24,839
(crowd cheering)

956
00:55:24,840 --> 00:55:28,039
- [Voiceover] Election
campaign flight,
April 1932.

957
00:55:29,159 --> 00:55:32,279
"Soon Hitler had sunk
into morose apathy.

958
00:55:32,280 --> 00:55:35,959
He just sat there staring
gloomily out of
the window,

959
00:55:35,960 --> 00:55:38,118
wads of cotton in his ears,

960
00:55:38,119 --> 00:55:39,460
a complete contrast

961
00:55:39,461 --> 00:55:41,840
to the glad-hand, extrovert
man at Tempelhof.

962
00:55:48,159 --> 00:55:51,198
As the door of the
aircraft was flung open,

963
00:55:51,199 --> 00:55:53,840
Hitler ducked out and
immediately threw himself

964
00:55:53,841 --> 00:55:55,799
into his fuhrer pose.

965
00:55:55,800 --> 00:55:59,439
There he stood, bare-headed,
upright, and unsmiling,

966
00:55:59,440 --> 00:56:01,559
his hand raised in greeting."

967
00:56:02,719 --> 00:56:05,040
Sefton Delmer,
British correspondent

968
00:56:05,041 --> 00:56:06,880
of the Daily Express in Berlin.

969
00:56:09,800 --> 00:56:13,039
(people chattering)

970
00:56:14,400 --> 00:56:15,999
(crowd cheering)

971
00:56:16,000 --> 00:56:20,159
- [Voiceover] Diary, Weimar,
April the 10th 1932, Sunday.

972
00:56:21,039 --> 00:56:24,200
"Second round of voting in
German presidential election.

973
00:56:24,201 --> 00:56:26,519
Hindenburg finally
elected over Hitler."

974
00:56:29,159 --> 00:56:32,320
Harry Graf Kessler,
publicist and diplomat.

975
00:56:37,000 --> 00:56:39,959
- [Narrator] In June
1932, Franz von Papen,

976
00:56:39,960 --> 00:56:42,840
on behalf of Reichsprasident
Von Hindenburg,

977
00:56:42,841 --> 00:56:45,420
forms a right-wing
conservative cabinet

978
00:56:45,421 --> 00:56:48,100
which is without a
majority in Parliament.

979
00:56:48,101 --> 00:56:51,079
The new chancellor hopes for
the support
of Hitler,

980
00:56:51,080 --> 00:56:53,179
and according to
Hitler's demand,

981
00:56:53,180 --> 00:56:54,760
asks the Reichsprasident

982
00:56:54,761 --> 00:56:58,360
to call new parliamentary
elections on July
the 31st.

983
00:57:03,480 --> 00:57:05,439
(people chattering)

984
00:57:05,440 --> 00:57:09,199
- [Voiceover] Diary,
May the 31st 1932.

985
00:57:11,039 --> 00:57:13,118
"Lotte is coming on Sunday.

986
00:57:13,119 --> 00:57:16,159
She's planning a trip
with Karl to Westerland.

987
00:57:17,639 --> 00:57:19,518
Yesterday, Bruning resigned.

988
00:57:19,519 --> 00:57:20,679
Now what?"

989
00:57:21,920 --> 00:57:23,519
Henrietta Schneider.

990
00:57:27,519 --> 00:57:29,639
- [Voiceover] "The
hero of Tannenberg,

991
00:57:29,640 --> 00:57:33,359
the hero of the German
Republic had a
dull spirit,

992
00:57:33,360 --> 00:57:37,158
a grumpy field marshal with
his robust conscience.

993
00:57:37,159 --> 00:57:39,879
With truly Germanic
blind loyalty,

994
00:57:39,880 --> 00:57:43,638
he betrayed the pious
chancellor to whom he
owed his power.

995
00:57:43,639 --> 00:57:45,959
Bruning was fired.

996
00:57:45,960 --> 00:57:47,198
His successor,

997
00:57:47,199 --> 00:57:50,119
the comparatively liberal
General Von Schleicher,

998
00:57:50,120 --> 00:57:53,320
was soon the target
of wild intrigue."

999
00:57:54,960 --> 00:57:59,119
Klaus Mann, son of
Katia and Thomas Mann.

1000
00:58:02,400 --> 00:58:04,518
(children laughing)

1001
00:58:04,519 --> 00:58:07,020
- [Voiceover] "For far too
long, we had been content

1002
00:58:07,021 --> 00:58:10,480
with laughing and joking about
the house painter Hitler."

1003
00:58:13,000 --> 00:58:16,759
Carl Zuckmayer, German
Austrian dramatist.

1004
00:58:16,760 --> 00:58:18,480
(children chattering)

1005
00:58:18,481 --> 00:58:22,760
- [Voiceover] Diary, Sunday
July the 31st 1932.

1006
00:58:23,639 --> 00:58:26,079
"The hatred of the
parties is awful.

1007
00:58:26,080 --> 00:58:29,400
At 10 o'clock the elections
begin without Wilhelm.

1008
00:58:30,440 --> 00:58:32,679
He is plagued with neuralgia."

1009
00:58:35,320 --> 00:58:36,800
Henrietta Schneider.

1010
00:58:38,119 --> 00:58:40,279
(people clapping)

1011
00:58:40,280 --> 00:58:42,719
- [Narrator] The triumph of
the National Socialists

1012
00:58:42,720 --> 00:58:47,039
in the July elections of 1932
is a pyrrhic victory.

1013
00:58:48,360 --> 00:58:49,879
(stately music)

1014
00:58:49,880 --> 00:58:53,159
- [Voiceover] Diary,
August the 1st 1932.

1015
00:58:53,880 --> 00:58:55,439
"Election results.

1016
00:58:55,440 --> 00:58:57,480
We have gained a little ground.

1017
00:58:57,481 --> 00:58:59,360
Marxism has gained a great deal.

1018
00:59:00,320 --> 00:59:02,780
Now we have to seize power
and wipe out Marxism.

1019
00:59:02,781 --> 00:59:05,580
Either way, Hitler is
also of this opinion.

1020
00:59:05,581 --> 00:59:08,000
We won't get an absolute
majority this way."

1021
00:59:10,239 --> 00:59:11,598
Joseph Goebbels.

1022
00:59:11,599 --> 00:59:14,519
(majestic music)

1023
00:59:18,119 --> 00:59:19,198
(thunder cracks)

1024
00:59:19,199 --> 00:59:21,000
- [Narrator] As almost
all the major parties

1025
00:59:21,001 --> 00:59:24,360
in the Reichstag want to bring
down Von Papen's government,

1026
00:59:24,361 --> 00:59:25,980
Reichsprasident Von Hindenburg

1027
00:59:25,981 --> 00:59:29,039
dissolves the newly elected
Parliament in September

1028
00:59:29,040 --> 00:59:33,038
and calls new elections for
November the
6th 1932.

1029
00:59:33,039 --> 00:59:36,159
(thunder cracking)

1030
00:59:37,599 --> 00:59:41,119
- [Voiceover] "In the German
elections of November 1932,

1031
00:59:41,120 --> 00:59:44,439
the NSDAP won 11.75
million votes,

1032
00:59:44,440 --> 00:59:46,959
the SPD 7.25 million,

1033
00:59:46,960 --> 00:59:49,678
and the KPD some six million.

1034
00:59:49,679 --> 00:59:52,038
So together, both
workers' parties

1035
00:59:52,039 --> 00:59:54,599
were a lot stronger
than the Nazis."

1036
00:59:57,039 --> 01:00:01,639
Manes Sperber, Austrian writer
and KPD member
at the time.

1037
01:00:03,280 --> 01:00:05,119
- [Voiceover] "Many
leftists believed

1038
01:00:05,120 --> 01:00:08,198
that Hitler would never
recover from this setback

1039
01:00:08,199 --> 01:00:10,119
and had ceased to be a menace."

1040
01:00:12,119 --> 01:00:15,280
Christopher Isherwood,
British American writer.

1041
01:00:20,119 --> 01:00:22,880
(somber music)

1042
01:00:42,719 --> 01:00:45,800
(people laughing)

1043
01:00:47,199 --> 01:00:49,920
- [Voiceover]
January the 1st 1933.

1044
01:00:51,000 --> 01:00:53,159
"Hitler was in a good
mood that evening

1045
01:00:53,160 --> 01:00:55,660
and talkative, like
in the old days.

1046
01:00:55,661 --> 01:00:59,078
Before he left, he added to
his entry in the guestbook."

1047
01:00:59,079 --> 01:01:01,039
- [Voiceover] "On the first
day of the New Year."

1048
01:01:00,760 --> 01:01:02,599
- [Voiceover] "Then he
looked at me and said

1049
01:01:02,600 --> 01:01:04,100
with suppressed excitement."

1050
01:01:04,101 --> 01:01:06,480
- [Voiceover] "This
year belongs to us."

1051
01:01:08,199 --> 01:01:09,559
- [Voiceover] Ernst Hanfstaengl,

1052
01:01:09,560 --> 01:01:11,880
Head of the NSDAP
Foreign Press Bureau.

1053
01:01:14,960 --> 01:01:16,840
- [Voiceover] "After
Hindenburg had decided

1054
01:01:16,841 --> 01:01:18,580
against Chancellor Bruning,

1055
01:01:18,581 --> 01:01:20,200
the president
turned his attention

1056
01:01:20,201 --> 01:01:23,820
to the forces of the
great agrarian heavy
industry coalition

1057
01:01:23,821 --> 01:01:26,558
that operated with
Hitler against Bruning,

1058
01:01:26,559 --> 01:01:27,920
his natural allies.

1059
01:01:27,921 --> 01:01:29,400
He took their view of Hitler.

1060
01:01:29,401 --> 01:01:31,680
The reconstruction
and further expansion

1061
01:01:31,681 --> 01:01:35,079
of the great agrarian and heavy
industry positions
of power

1062
01:01:35,080 --> 01:01:36,999
was to be taken forward.

1063
01:01:37,000 --> 01:01:38,638
(elegant music)

1064
01:01:38,639 --> 01:01:39,960
But the power was not to be

1065
01:01:39,961 --> 01:01:42,199
transferred to the
National Socialism."

1066
01:01:44,960 --> 01:01:48,639
Ernst Niekisch, journalist,
National Bolshevist.

1067
01:01:49,719 --> 01:01:52,319
(stately music)

1068
01:01:52,320 --> 01:01:56,439
- [Voiceover] Diary, Monday,
January the
30th 1933,

1069
01:01:56,440 --> 01:02:00,158
"Elsa came back from school
with the cry 'Heil Hitler!'

1070
01:02:00,159 --> 01:02:05,320
Then we knew Hitler had become
German Chancellor
at last."

1071
01:02:06,480 --> 01:02:08,000
Henrietta Schneider.

1072
01:02:10,639 --> 01:02:12,118
(crowd cheering)

1073
01:02:12,119 --> 01:02:13,639
- [Narrator] A fragment of film

1074
01:02:13,640 --> 01:02:16,799
produced using an early
Agfacolor film process.

1075
01:02:16,800 --> 01:02:18,600
It shows thousands of extras

1076
01:02:18,601 --> 01:02:20,599
recreating the
torchlight procession

1077
01:02:20,600 --> 01:02:22,320
through the Brandenburg Gate.

1078
01:02:22,321 --> 01:02:27,239
It is supposed to remind
viewers of January
the 30th 1933.

1079
01:02:28,039 --> 01:02:29,800
- [Voiceover] "That
the Nazis are enemies,

1080
01:02:29,801 --> 01:02:32,140
enemies for me and for
everything dear to me,

1081
01:02:32,141 --> 01:02:34,920
I was not for a moment
mistaken about that.

1082
01:02:34,921 --> 01:02:36,440
Where I was completely mistaken

1083
01:02:36,441 --> 01:02:38,800
was how terrible an
enemy they would become."

1084
01:02:40,880 --> 01:02:42,400
Sebastian Haffner.

1085
01:02:47,079 --> 01:02:48,880
- [Voiceover] "The
majority of his ministers

1086
01:02:48,881 --> 01:02:51,800
were members of the German
National People's Party.

1087
01:02:51,801 --> 01:02:54,959
He utterly despised the
party and was convinced

1088
01:02:54,960 --> 01:02:58,079
that he would one day be able
to rid himself
of them.

1089
01:02:59,079 --> 01:03:02,220
To be able to carry this
out, he set one condition

1090
01:03:02,221 --> 01:03:05,238
to which the German
President also agreed.

1091
01:03:05,239 --> 01:03:08,280
He wanted the power to
order new elections."

1092
01:03:10,400 --> 01:03:11,440
Ernst Niekisch.

1093
01:03:14,920 --> 01:03:17,158
(crowd cheering)

1094
01:03:17,159 --> 01:03:19,840
- [Voiceover] Speech in
the Berlin Sportpalast,

1095
01:03:19,841 --> 01:03:21,679
February the 10th 1933.

1096
01:03:22,519 --> 01:03:24,760
(Hitler shouting in
foreign language)

1097
01:03:24,761 --> 01:03:27,799
"I cannot divest myself
of my faith in my people

1098
01:03:27,800 --> 01:03:29,920
and stand firmly
by the conviction

1099
01:03:29,921 --> 01:03:32,039
that the hour will come at last

1100
01:03:32,040 --> 01:03:35,400
when the millions who curse
us today will
stand by us

1101
01:03:35,401 --> 01:03:37,959
and with us will
hail the new hard-won

1102
01:03:37,960 --> 01:03:40,320
and painfully
acquired German nation

1103
01:03:40,321 --> 01:03:42,420
that we have created together,

1104
01:03:42,421 --> 01:03:45,238
the new German Reich
of greatness and power

1105
01:03:45,239 --> 01:03:47,559
and glory and justice, Amen."

1106
01:03:59,679 --> 01:04:00,960
(crowd cheering)

1107
01:04:00,961 --> 01:04:03,639
Adolf Hitler, Reich Chancellor.

1108
01:04:06,119 --> 01:04:08,280
- [Narrator] The Reichstag
elections of March
the 5th

1109
01:04:08,281 --> 01:04:10,559
are the last more or
less free elections

1110
01:04:10,560 --> 01:04:12,000
in the German Reich.

1111
01:04:12,719 --> 01:04:15,639
On the streets, dissidents
are terrorized by the SA.

1112
01:04:19,199 --> 01:04:20,839
(people chattering)

1113
01:04:20,840 --> 01:04:23,220
- [Voiceover] "The terror
that was felt everywhere

1114
01:04:23,221 --> 01:04:25,500
interfered, of course,
with free elections,

1115
01:04:25,501 --> 01:04:28,119
but it influenced the
results only slightly."

1116
01:04:31,159 --> 01:04:32,519
Manes Sperber.

1117
01:04:37,480 --> 01:04:38,800
(people cheering)

1118
01:04:38,801 --> 01:04:41,320
- [Narrator] In the elections,
the NSDAP profits

1119
01:04:41,321 --> 01:04:44,718
from the high turnout of 88.8%,

1120
01:04:44,719 --> 01:04:47,279
gaining 43.9%.

1121
01:04:47,280 --> 01:04:48,680
It has to form a coalition

1122
01:04:48,681 --> 01:04:50,920
with the German
National People's Party.

1123
01:04:53,119 --> 01:04:54,740
But the majority of Germans

1124
01:04:54,741 --> 01:04:57,639
don't want a parliamentary
democracy either.

1125
01:04:57,640 --> 01:05:01,000
The democratic parties remain
clearly in the minority

1126
01:05:01,001 --> 01:05:03,479
because 12.3%
of the voters

1127
01:05:03,480 --> 01:05:06,038
cast their votes
for the Communists.

1128
01:05:06,039 --> 01:05:08,880
(crowd cheering)

1129
01:05:09,880 --> 01:05:13,678
- [Voiceover] March the 12th
1933, press dispatch.

1130
01:05:13,679 --> 01:05:17,020
"The Office of the Reichstag
sent the newly elected members

1131
01:05:17,021 --> 01:05:19,119
an invitation to
the opening session.

1132
01:05:20,000 --> 01:05:21,720
According to a directive,

1133
01:05:21,721 --> 01:05:23,480
the Communist members
of the assembly

1134
01:05:23,481 --> 01:05:25,199
were not sent an invitation."

1135
01:05:27,199 --> 01:05:29,320
Vossische Zeitung Newspaper.

1136
01:05:32,079 --> 01:05:36,280
(speaking in foreign language)

1137
01:05:39,679 --> 01:05:41,079
- [Voiceover] "Two days later,

1138
01:05:40,840 --> 01:05:42,639
I was sitting in the
Kroll Opera House,

1139
01:05:42,640 --> 01:05:44,420
not as a Reichstag deputy.

1140
01:05:44,421 --> 01:05:48,238
I was an observer, and
on March the 23rd 1933,

1141
01:05:48,239 --> 01:05:49,960
I witnessed the
Reichstag session

1142
01:05:49,961 --> 01:05:54,279
in which the Enabling Act was
passed by 441 votes to 94."

1143
01:05:54,280 --> 01:05:58,198
(speaking in foreign language)

1144
01:05:58,199 --> 01:06:01,920
Artur Axmann, member of the
leadership of the Hitler Youth.

1145
01:06:01,921 --> 01:06:06,000
(speaking in foreign language)

1146
01:06:11,039 --> 01:06:13,300
- [Narrator] With the
so-called Enabling Act,

1147
01:06:13,301 --> 01:06:15,200
Hitler demands
extraordinary powers

1148
01:06:15,201 --> 01:06:16,840
for himself and his government,

1149
01:06:16,841 --> 01:06:19,480
thus paving the way
for a dictatorship.

1150
01:06:34,639 --> 01:06:37,999
(people applauding)

1151
01:06:38,000 --> 01:06:40,239
- [Voiceover] "The Social
Democrats were the
only members

1152
01:06:40,240 --> 01:06:42,280
to vote against
the Enabling Act.

1153
01:06:42,281 --> 01:06:46,320
(speaking in foreign language)

1154
01:06:50,000 --> 01:06:51,280
But despite my conviction

1155
01:06:51,281 --> 01:06:53,079
that the Social
Democrats had failed,

1156
01:06:56,480 --> 01:06:59,079
I was not unimpressed
by Wels' speech."

1157
01:07:00,239 --> 01:07:01,280
Artur Axmann.

1158
01:07:01,281 --> 01:07:05,558
(speaking in foreign language)

1159
01:07:05,559 --> 01:07:07,119
- [Narrator] Article
one of the act

1160
01:07:07,120 --> 01:07:09,780
describes the transfer
of legislative powers

1161
01:07:09,781 --> 01:07:11,559
from Parliament to the Cabinet.

1162
01:07:11,560 --> 01:07:14,959
The legislative and executive
branches become one.

1163
01:07:14,960 --> 01:07:17,800
Parliament has virtually
abolished itself.

1164
01:07:19,039 --> 01:07:23,280
(speaking in foreign language)

1165
01:07:48,760 --> 01:07:50,879
(crowd cheering)

1166
01:07:50,880 --> 01:07:52,320
- [Voiceover] "He
overrode the constitution

1167
01:07:52,321 --> 01:07:53,500
with the constitution

1168
01:07:53,501 --> 01:07:55,680
and thus won the fight
for unlimited power

1169
01:07:55,681 --> 01:07:57,639
in the first and decisive rout."

1170
01:08:01,519 --> 01:08:04,400
Lutz Graf Schwerin von
Krosigk, Finance Minister.

1171
01:08:08,039 --> 01:08:09,719
- [Voiceover] "Anyone
who did not fight

1172
01:08:09,720 --> 01:08:12,440
against the Hitler state
effectively served it."

1173
01:08:15,320 --> 01:08:19,799
Esther, Countess of Schwerin,
East Prussian landowner.

1174
01:08:19,800 --> 01:08:23,000
(people chattering)

1175
01:08:23,800 --> 01:08:25,479
- [Voiceover] "I,
as a natural coward

1176
01:08:25,480 --> 01:08:28,279
and endowed with an
excruciating imagination,

1177
01:08:28,280 --> 01:08:29,720
kept my mouth shut."

1178
01:08:32,159 --> 01:08:36,279
Marie Luise Kaschnitz,
writer, notes.

1179
01:08:40,119 --> 01:08:42,159
- [Voiceover] "People
cling to life.

1180
01:08:42,160 --> 01:08:43,920
You could certainly
go along with it,

1181
01:08:43,921 --> 01:08:47,520
but you could also keep a low
profile and become invisible."

1182
01:08:49,439 --> 01:08:51,520
Oda Schaefer, writer.

1183
01:08:52,239 --> 01:08:55,439
(people chattering)

1184
01:09:02,720 --> 01:09:05,640
- [Voiceover] Letter from
prison, June the
7th 1933.

1185
01:09:07,279 --> 01:09:10,259
"You know that imprisonment
doesn't depress
me at all.

1186
01:09:10,260 --> 01:09:12,760
What could I really do
outside at the moment?

1187
01:09:12,761 --> 01:09:14,480
Shrug off the sad
looks of the workers

1188
01:09:14,481 --> 01:09:16,980
with a humiliated heart
and sagging shoulders

1189
01:09:16,981 --> 01:09:19,520
and tell them that I
cannot change it either?

1190
01:09:20,359 --> 01:09:22,199
It's better to be
outwardly unfree

1191
01:09:23,159 --> 01:09:25,880
and inwardly face the future
with a proud soul."

1192
01:09:28,920 --> 01:09:32,119
Julius Leber, SBD
member of the Reichstag.

1193
01:09:36,479 --> 01:09:39,800
- [Narrator] The first
improvised concentration camps

1194
01:09:39,801 --> 01:09:41,438
are run by the SA

1195
01:09:41,439 --> 01:09:44,278
and are then taken
over by Himmler's SS,

1196
01:09:44,279 --> 01:09:46,880
thus creating the SS state.

1197
01:09:50,800 --> 01:09:52,239
(majestic music)

1198
01:09:52,240 --> 01:09:56,198
At the Nuremberg Victory Rally
in early September 1933,

1199
01:09:56,199 --> 01:09:58,799
SA Chief of Staff Ernst Rohm

1200
01:09:58,800 --> 01:10:01,560
is the most prominent
party leader after Hitler

1201
01:10:01,561 --> 01:10:03,479
and clearly his right-hand man.

1202
01:10:04,279 --> 01:10:07,079
Rohm shows his loyalty
to Hitler in public.

1203
01:10:08,039 --> 01:10:10,880
Privately, however, he
criticizes Hitler severely

1204
01:10:10,881 --> 01:10:13,198
for his policy on
the German Army.

1205
01:10:13,199 --> 01:10:15,279
Thanks to his
instinct for power,

1206
01:10:15,280 --> 01:10:17,239
Hitler is willing to
believe the rumors

1207
01:10:17,240 --> 01:10:20,020
spread by opponents of the
powerful head of the SA

1208
01:10:20,021 --> 01:10:23,239
that the leaders of the SA,
with its four million members,

1209
01:10:23,240 --> 01:10:24,800
are planning a coup.

1210
01:10:24,801 --> 01:10:27,720
(crowd cheering)

1211
01:10:28,600 --> 01:10:32,319
- [Voiceover] Diary, Berlin,
June the 24th 1934.

1212
01:10:33,079 --> 01:10:35,078
"Politically it stinks.

1213
01:10:35,079 --> 01:10:36,920
Nobody knows why exactly.

1214
01:10:36,921 --> 01:10:40,479
A power struggle is impending
between the SA
and the SS."

1215
01:10:42,119 --> 01:10:44,278
Erich Ebermayer, writer.

1216
01:10:44,279 --> 01:10:47,879
(people chattering)

1217
01:10:47,880 --> 01:10:49,399
- [Narrator] The
differences of opinion

1218
01:10:49,400 --> 01:10:51,840
between Rohm and Hitler,
especially concerning

1219
01:10:51,841 --> 01:10:54,379
the issue of the
German Army, escalate.

1220
01:10:54,380 --> 01:10:55,960
Before the SA leadership,

1221
01:10:55,961 --> 01:10:58,440
Rohm finally calls
for the German Army

1222
01:10:58,441 --> 01:11:01,198
to be included in his command.

1223
01:11:01,199 --> 01:11:03,959
(people chattering)

1224
01:11:03,960 --> 01:11:08,238
- [Voiceover] Diary, Sunday,
July the 1st 1934.

1225
01:11:08,239 --> 01:11:13,158
"Mutiny of the SA leaders in
Munich with Rohm at its head.

1226
01:11:13,159 --> 01:11:16,640
Hitler himself helped arrest
the gang and had them shot."

1227
01:11:20,520 --> 01:11:22,039
Henrietta Schneider.

1228
01:11:25,920 --> 01:11:27,479
- [Narrator] On July the 2nd,

1229
01:11:27,480 --> 01:11:30,399
Hitler announces the
official end of the purge

1230
01:11:30,400 --> 01:11:33,960
in which between 150 and
200 people were shot.

1231
01:11:36,119 --> 01:11:37,198
(solemn music)

1232
01:11:37,199 --> 01:11:39,199
- [Voiceover] "Rohm was
one of the last victims.

1233
01:11:39,200 --> 01:11:43,639
He was shot on
July the 2nd 1934."

1234
01:11:43,640 --> 01:11:46,199
Hans Frank, Bavarian
Minister of Justice,

1235
01:11:46,200 --> 01:11:48,278
Reich Legal Director.

1236
01:11:48,279 --> 01:11:50,078
(crowd cheering)

1237
01:11:50,079 --> 01:11:53,159
- [Narrator] To crush the
alleged revolt by Rohm,

1238
01:11:53,160 --> 01:11:55,780
Adolf Hitler uses the
services of the SS,

1239
01:11:55,781 --> 01:11:58,279
whose leaders have already
brought the police

1240
01:11:58,280 --> 01:12:00,500
almost entirely
under their command.

1241
01:12:00,501 --> 01:12:04,000
The SS, which was formerly
still affiliated
with the SA,

1242
01:12:04,001 --> 01:12:06,560
is rewarded for its
murderous service.

1243
01:12:06,561 --> 01:12:10,238
On July the 20th
1934, Hitler decrees.

1244
01:12:10,239 --> 01:12:13,620
- [Voiceover] "In view of the
great services
of the SS,

1245
01:12:13,621 --> 01:12:15,279
particularly in connection

1246
01:12:15,280 --> 01:12:18,879
with the occurrences
of June the 30th 1934,

1247
01:12:18,880 --> 01:12:22,398
I hereby promote them to a
self-contained organization

1248
01:12:22,399 --> 01:12:23,880
within the NSDAP."

1249
01:12:26,600 --> 01:12:27,920
Adolf Hitler.

1250
01:12:29,199 --> 01:12:31,199
- [Narrator] With
that, Hitler has forged

1251
01:12:31,200 --> 01:12:33,759
the decisive weapon
of his state.

1252
01:12:33,760 --> 01:12:38,239
The SA becomes a kind of
folklore club for
the NSDAP.

1253
01:12:47,279 --> 01:12:49,279
[Voiceover] "Hitler
swore that only 77 people

1254
01:12:49,280 --> 01:12:50,680
had been executed.

1255
01:12:50,681 --> 01:12:53,920
It had been unavoidable that
some were shot
by accident.

1256
01:12:53,921 --> 01:12:56,680
Like a certain Willi Schmid
in Munich for example.

1257
01:12:57,600 --> 01:12:59,780
The SS were in a hurry to
shoot the first
Willy Schmidt

1258
01:12:59,781 --> 01:13:02,319
they could find without
court proceedings.

1259
01:13:03,079 --> 01:13:04,680
You have to consider
how many Willy Schmidts

1260
01:13:04,681 --> 01:13:06,279
there were in Munich."

1261
01:13:08,560 --> 01:13:11,880
Friedelind Wagner,
granddaughter of
Richard Wagner.

1262
01:13:16,720 --> 01:13:19,439
(somber music)

1263
01:13:40,079 --> 01:13:43,560
- [Voiceover] Diary, Berlin,
August the
1st 1934.

1264
01:13:44,279 --> 01:13:47,020
"At lunchtime, we drove
to the Halensee Baths.

1265
01:13:47,021 --> 01:13:48,780
People are friendly
and peaceful.

1266
01:13:48,781 --> 01:13:51,680
Even the young people
seem well-behaved here.

1267
01:13:51,681 --> 01:13:53,479
The Berliner Zeitung newspaper

1268
01:13:53,480 --> 01:13:56,319
published a bulletin
at 8:30 this morning.

1269
01:13:56,320 --> 01:13:59,318
Condition deteriorating,
pulse weaker.

1270
01:13:59,319 --> 01:14:00,780
So the end is near.

1271
01:14:00,781 --> 01:14:03,199
This death does not
come at a good time."

1272
01:14:05,760 --> 01:14:07,279
Erich Ebermayer.

1273
01:14:09,640 --> 01:14:11,680
- [Voiceover] "The newspaper
reports the following

1274
01:14:11,681 --> 01:14:13,399
about the death of Hindenburg.

1275
01:14:14,319 --> 01:14:16,920
The government has
enacted the following law

1276
01:14:16,921 --> 01:14:18,700
that is hereby announced.

1277
01:14:18,701 --> 01:14:21,720
The office will be merged with
that of the chancellor,

1278
01:14:21,721 --> 01:14:24,400
which means all authority
of the president

1279
01:14:24,401 --> 01:14:27,439
goes to the Fuhrer and
Chancellor, Adolf Hitler."

1280
01:14:29,920 --> 01:14:35,359
Karl Windschild, retired
pastor, Ballenstedt, diary.

1281
01:14:35,760 --> 01:14:38,000
(solemn music)

1282
01:14:39,920 --> 01:14:43,159
(people chattering)

1283
01:14:44,359 --> 01:14:49,639
- [Voiceover] Diary, Wednesday,
October the
17th 1934.

1284
01:14:49,640 --> 01:14:51,358
"A law has been made.

1285
01:14:51,359 --> 01:14:52,920
Hitler will remain the leader

1286
01:14:52,921 --> 01:14:55,119
of the German people for life."

1287
01:14:57,479 --> 01:14:59,279
Henrietta Schneider.

1288
01:15:02,000 --> 01:15:03,800
- [Voiceover] "The
magic formula,

1289
01:15:03,801 --> 01:15:05,599
the Fuhrer has ordered,

1290
01:15:05,600 --> 01:15:07,398
the Fuhrer wishes,

1291
01:15:07,399 --> 01:15:08,919
the Fuhrer accepts,

1292
01:15:08,920 --> 01:15:10,239
the Fuhrer forbids,

1293
01:15:10,240 --> 01:15:12,078
or the Fuhrer authorizes

1294
01:15:12,079 --> 01:15:15,919
became the completely new
legitimized method
of authority

1295
01:15:15,920 --> 01:15:17,480
to issue directives

1296
01:15:17,481 --> 01:15:21,199
that nullified all existing
forms of state life
in Germany."

1297
01:15:23,840 --> 01:15:24,880
Hans Frank.

1298
01:15:33,119 --> 01:15:34,339
(people chattering)

1299
01:15:34,340 --> 01:15:36,199
- [Voiceover] "Arrived
in Munich around 8:00

1300
01:15:36,200 --> 01:15:39,560
and went to the Hofbrauhaus,
which was very interesting.

1301
01:15:39,561 --> 01:15:41,560
Hitler seems so popular here,

1302
01:15:41,561 --> 01:15:43,359
as Mussolini was
in Italy."

1303
01:15:45,319 --> 01:15:49,800
John F. Kennedy, student
traveling in Europe, diary.

1304
01:15:52,800 --> 01:15:55,439
- [Voiceover] "At
first, what surprised me

1305
01:15:55,440 --> 01:15:58,799
was that most Germans,
as far as I could see,

1306
01:15:58,800 --> 01:16:00,120
didn't seem to mind

1307
01:16:00,121 --> 01:16:02,640
that their personal freedoms
had been taken away,

1308
01:16:02,641 --> 01:16:06,379
that so much of their splendid
culture was being destroyed,

1309
01:16:06,380 --> 01:16:08,679
or soon became
aware, to be sure,

1310
01:16:08,680 --> 01:16:10,199
that in the background

1311
01:16:10,200 --> 01:16:12,500
there lurked the
terror of the Gestapo

1312
01:16:12,501 --> 01:16:14,800
and the fear of the
concentration camps.

1313
01:16:17,960 --> 01:16:20,860
The vast majority did
not seem unduly concerned

1314
01:16:20,861 --> 01:16:23,439
with what had happened
to a few Communists,

1315
01:16:23,440 --> 01:16:27,078
socialists, pacifists, defiant
priests and pastors,

1316
01:16:27,079 --> 01:16:28,359
and to the Jews."

1317
01:16:30,760 --> 01:16:32,580
William Shirer, correspondent

1318
01:16:32,581 --> 01:16:35,238
to the Universal News
Service in Berlin.

1319
01:16:35,239 --> 01:16:38,119
(train chugging)

1320
01:16:39,279 --> 01:16:42,279
- [Voiceover] "Departure for
Cologne via Frankfurt.

1321
01:16:44,159 --> 01:16:46,278
All towns are very attractive,

1322
01:16:46,279 --> 01:16:48,119
showing that the Nordic races

1323
01:16:48,120 --> 01:16:50,420
certainly seem
superior to Latins.

1324
01:16:50,421 --> 01:16:52,319
The Germans really
are too good."

1325
01:16:54,359 --> 01:16:56,560
John F. Kennedy, diary.

1326
01:16:58,840 --> 01:17:01,760
(train chugging)

1327
01:17:02,760 --> 01:17:05,720
(crowd cheering)

1328
01:17:08,560 --> 01:17:10,600
- [Voiceover] "I had to think
a lot about the comments

1329
01:17:10,601 --> 01:17:13,040
of an ordinary
middle-aged Berlin woman.

1330
01:17:13,041 --> 01:17:14,840
She said she went to
all the ceremonies

1331
01:17:14,841 --> 01:17:17,540
and stood near the front rows
where the Fuhrer
walked by,

1332
01:17:17,541 --> 01:17:19,159
but she was never
able to see him

1333
01:17:19,160 --> 01:17:22,319
because whenever he came near,
her eyes filled with tears."

1334
01:17:24,920 --> 01:17:28,600
Erich Kordt, Department
Head, Foreign Ministry

1335
01:17:29,680 --> 01:17:32,640
(crowd cheering)

1336
01:17:37,079 --> 01:17:40,599
- [Voiceover] "Hitler seemed
modest, middle-class,

1337
01:17:40,600 --> 01:17:42,660
rather dull and self-conscious,

1338
01:17:42,661 --> 01:17:46,319
yet with a strange tenderness
and appealing helplessness."

1339
01:17:48,960 --> 01:17:52,920
Martha Dodd, daughter of US
Ambassador William Dodd.

1340
01:17:54,079 --> 01:17:55,839
(people chattering)

1341
01:17:55,840 --> 01:17:57,320
- [Voiceover] "In private,

1342
01:17:57,321 --> 01:18:00,540
and we as personal bodyguards
belonged to his private life,

1343
01:18:00,541 --> 01:18:02,199
he was uncomplicated."

1344
01:18:03,920 --> 01:18:06,880
Rochus Misch, SS
Bodyguard Regiment.

1345
01:18:08,600 --> 01:18:10,620
- [Voiceover] "Simple
lower middle-class life

1346
01:18:10,621 --> 01:18:11,960
was not hard for him.

1347
01:18:14,560 --> 01:18:16,319
It attracted a lot of empathy.

1348
01:18:17,239 --> 01:18:20,760
It gave him a lot of credit
for other unpopular decisions.

1349
01:18:21,680 --> 01:18:23,279
Otherwise his simple manner

1350
01:18:23,280 --> 01:18:25,919
also had clear
political intentions.

1351
01:18:25,920 --> 01:18:27,620
He often emphasized."

1352
01:18:27,621 --> 01:18:29,880
- [Voiceover] "If I am
simple and unpretentious,

1353
01:18:29,881 --> 01:18:32,080
then my surroundings
have to be pompous.

1354
01:18:32,081 --> 01:18:35,119
That way, my simplicity
appears even stronger."

1355
01:18:36,079 --> 01:18:38,920
- [Voiceover] Albert Speer,
"The Kransberg Protocol."

1356
01:18:39,720 --> 01:18:42,720
(majestic music)

1357
01:18:43,600 --> 01:18:46,159
- [Voiceover] "Goering, who'd
become fat and out of shape,

1358
01:18:46,160 --> 01:18:48,479
seemed ridiculous in
his fantasy uniforms

1359
01:18:48,480 --> 01:18:50,980
and his love of medals
and decorations.

1360
01:18:50,981 --> 01:18:53,880
His greed for earthly goods
turned him into
a crook.

1361
01:18:54,600 --> 01:18:57,079
Robert Coulondre, who
served as an ambassador

1362
01:18:57,080 --> 01:18:59,278
to Berlin in autumn 1938,

1363
01:18:59,279 --> 01:19:02,318
wrote that of all Hitler's
sinister buddies,

1364
01:19:02,319 --> 01:19:03,920
he was still the best."

1365
01:19:06,520 --> 01:19:08,959
Paul Stehlin, Air Force Attache

1366
01:19:08,960 --> 01:19:10,840
in the French Embassy in Berlin.

1367
01:19:18,000 --> 01:19:20,159
- [Voiceover] "It has
been suggested many times

1368
01:19:20,160 --> 01:19:23,960
that Hitler had unwavering
faith in his old comrades.

1369
01:19:25,520 --> 01:19:28,319
As far as the Reichsmarschall
was concerned,

1370
01:19:28,320 --> 01:19:31,439
this assumption is
true unfortunately."

1371
01:19:32,560 --> 01:19:36,359
Heinz Guderian, Commander of
the Second Tank Division.

1372
01:19:37,159 --> 01:19:40,399
(people chattering)

1373
01:19:41,920 --> 01:19:43,920
- [Voiceover] "For the rest of
the evening, he told jokes

1374
01:19:43,921 --> 01:19:45,719
about Goebbels and Goering."

1375
01:19:45,720 --> 01:19:47,039
- [Voiceover] "Do you
know the difference

1376
01:19:47,040 --> 01:19:48,740
between Goebbels and Goering?"

1377
01:19:48,741 --> 01:19:51,199
- [Voiceover] "He asked, and
when nobody could answer,

1378
01:19:51,200 --> 01:19:52,680
he solved the riddle himself."

1379
01:19:52,681 --> 01:19:55,239
- [Voiceover] "Goebbels is the
maximum amount
of nonsense

1380
01:19:55,240 --> 01:19:57,478
a man can utter in one hour,

1381
01:19:57,479 --> 01:20:00,318
and Goering is the
maximum of sheet metal

1382
01:20:00,319 --> 01:20:02,719
a man can hang on his chest."

1383
01:20:02,720 --> 01:20:04,279
- [Voiceover] Friedelind Wagner.

1384
01:20:04,280 --> 01:20:07,439
(people chattering)

1385
01:20:10,319 --> 01:20:12,840
- [Voiceover] Berlin,
November 1937.

1386
01:20:14,520 --> 01:20:17,478
"In November, the hunting
exhibition was opened

1387
01:20:17,479 --> 01:20:20,799
by Reich Master Hunter Goering.

1388
01:20:20,800 --> 01:20:24,959
Strong foreign participation
contributed to
its success,

1389
01:20:24,960 --> 01:20:26,640
causing a sensation in Berlin

1390
01:20:26,641 --> 01:20:30,319
and impressing the visiting
guests from all over
the world.

1391
01:20:30,320 --> 01:20:32,800
Our French countryman
came in droves."

1392
01:20:35,920 --> 01:20:37,359
Paul Stehlin.

1393
01:20:39,199 --> 01:20:41,000
- [Voiceover] "He condemned
the elegant passions

1394
01:20:41,001 --> 01:20:44,520
of his lofty colleagues, like
hunting or horse racing.

1395
01:20:47,680 --> 01:20:49,040
These were the last remnants

1396
01:20:49,041 --> 01:20:51,119
of the feudal rule
of the princes.

1397
01:20:52,279 --> 01:20:53,880
He made fun of
them a lot."

1398
01:20:56,800 --> 01:20:58,239
Albert Speer.

1399
01:21:00,279 --> 01:21:03,479
- [Voiceover] "Hitler's
evil sprit was Goebbels."

1400
01:21:05,600 --> 01:21:07,279
Ernst Hanfstaengl.

1401
01:21:08,760 --> 01:21:10,159
- [Voiceover] "On
the same evening,

1402
01:21:10,160 --> 01:21:12,259
I saw Goebbels for
the first time,

1403
01:21:12,260 --> 01:21:15,560
a small man with an overly
big head on a child's body.

1404
01:21:15,561 --> 01:21:17,339
He was surprisingly ugly.

1405
01:21:17,340 --> 01:21:19,460
His defect, he has a club foot,

1406
01:21:19,461 --> 01:21:22,259
barely lessened the antipathy
that he aroused.

1407
01:21:22,260 --> 01:21:24,160
He was, however,
very intelligent

1408
01:21:24,161 --> 01:21:27,319
and, after Hitler, the best
public speaker in
the party."

1409
01:21:29,600 --> 01:21:31,159
Paul Stehlin.

1410
01:21:33,439 --> 01:21:35,660
- [Voiceover] "I couldn't care
less what people think,

1411
01:21:35,661 --> 01:21:37,279
and I'll say this openly.

1412
01:21:37,280 --> 01:21:39,060
Goebbels was an interesting man.

1413
01:21:39,061 --> 01:21:40,199
I never disliked him.

1414
01:21:40,200 --> 01:21:42,439
He was only dangerous
towards the end."

1415
01:21:45,560 --> 01:21:48,880
Zarah Leander, Swedish
singer and actress.

1416
01:21:50,239 --> 01:21:51,420
(majestic music)

1417
01:21:51,421 --> 01:21:53,279
- [Voiceover] "He was
capable of recognizing

1418
01:21:53,280 --> 01:21:56,399
the faults and weakness of the
National Socialist system,

1419
01:21:57,319 --> 01:21:58,840
but he wasn't courageous enough

1420
01:21:58,841 --> 01:22:00,439
to point these out to Hitler.

1421
01:22:01,199 --> 01:22:02,600
In front of Hitler,

1422
01:22:02,601 --> 01:22:05,600
he was like Goering and
Himmler, a little man."

1423
01:22:09,640 --> 01:22:12,119
Heinz Guderian, Major General.

1424
01:22:16,800 --> 01:22:19,438
(people cheering)

1425
01:22:19,439 --> 01:22:24,039
- [Voiceover] Speech in
Munich, March the
14th 1936.

1426
01:22:24,880 --> 01:22:26,660
"With the confidence
of a sleepwalker,

1427
01:22:26,661 --> 01:22:30,119
I am following the path marked
out by destiny
for me."

1428
01:22:32,680 --> 01:22:34,119
Adolf Hitler.

1429
01:22:38,279 --> 01:22:42,680
- [Voiceover] Diary, Sunday,
March the 16th 1935.

1430
01:22:44,279 --> 01:22:46,680
"In the evening, we
heard a proclamation

1431
01:22:46,681 --> 01:22:49,478
to the German people
by Dr. Goebbels.

1432
01:22:49,479 --> 01:22:51,079
In answer to the adoption

1433
01:22:51,080 --> 01:22:53,620
of two-year military
service in France,

1434
01:22:53,621 --> 01:22:54,920
Hitler has introduced

1435
01:22:54,921 --> 01:22:57,479
compulsory military
service in Germany.

1436
01:22:57,480 --> 01:22:59,439
Jubilation in Berlin."

1437
01:23:02,159 --> 01:23:03,920
Henrietta Schneider.

1438
01:23:06,920 --> 01:23:08,960
- [Voiceover] Interview
with Ward Price,

1439
01:23:08,961 --> 01:23:11,158
correspondent for
the Daily Mail,

1440
01:23:11,159 --> 01:23:13,159
January the 17th 1935.

1441
01:23:14,720 --> 01:23:16,359
"I know the horrors of war.

1442
01:23:17,359 --> 01:23:20,079
No gains can compensate
for the losses it brings.

1443
01:23:21,039 --> 01:23:24,359
I have seen that war is not
the highest form
of bliss,

1444
01:23:24,360 --> 01:23:25,799
but the contrary.

1445
01:23:25,800 --> 01:23:28,839
I have witnessed only
the deepest suffering.

1446
01:23:28,840 --> 01:23:31,198
Hence, I can quite
frankly state,

1447
01:23:31,199 --> 01:23:35,398
Germany will never break the
peace of its
own accord."

1448
01:23:35,399 --> 01:23:36,559
Adolf Hitler.

1449
01:23:36,560 --> 01:23:38,999
(children chattering)

1450
01:23:39,000 --> 01:23:41,720
- [Voiceover] "I saw a
sign on the shop door,

1451
01:23:41,721 --> 01:23:43,600
dogs and Jews
not allowed."

1452
01:23:46,359 --> 01:23:48,159
Edgar Feuchtwanger.

1453
01:23:54,239 --> 01:23:58,839
- [Voiceover] Diary, Sunday,
September the
15th 1935.

1454
01:23:58,840 --> 01:24:01,760
"On the radio tonight, they're
announcing the outcome

1455
01:24:01,761 --> 01:24:04,398
of today's resolutions
in the Reichstag.

1456
01:24:04,399 --> 01:24:05,720
That is to say, the laws

1457
01:24:05,721 --> 01:24:08,358
that the NSDAP deputies
have agreed on,

1458
01:24:08,359 --> 01:24:10,160
the anti-Jewish laws.

1459
01:24:10,161 --> 01:24:14,399
Marriage between Aryans and
non-Aryans is forbidden."

1460
01:24:15,960 --> 01:24:17,800
Calvin Sched, retired.

1461
01:24:21,760 --> 01:24:25,960
(speaking in foreign language)

1462
01:24:34,399 --> 01:24:37,600
(audience cheering)

1463
01:24:46,399 --> 01:24:50,600
(speaking in foreign language)

1464
01:24:55,359 --> 01:24:58,600
(audience cheering)

1465
01:25:04,079 --> 01:25:08,239
(shouting in foreign language)

1466
01:25:15,119 --> 01:25:18,959
- [Voiceover] Diary, Berlin,
December the
10th 1935.

1467
01:25:18,960 --> 01:25:22,239
"The genetic health
act or sterilization
law has been passed

1468
01:25:22,240 --> 01:25:24,160
and envisages
extensive examinations

1469
01:25:24,161 --> 01:25:27,480
and tests for engaged couples
before they get married.

1470
01:25:27,481 --> 01:25:29,239
If things continue like this,

1471
01:25:29,240 --> 01:25:31,620
we'll soon have a
race of supermen.

1472
01:25:31,621 --> 01:25:34,079
So far, there is no
sign of this happening."

1473
01:25:36,920 --> 01:25:38,439
Erich Ebermayer.

1474
01:25:41,600 --> 01:25:43,399
- [Voiceover] "Before
the end of Culture Week,

1475
01:25:43,400 --> 01:25:45,420
I was once again in an airplane,

1476
01:25:45,421 --> 01:25:47,700
and even from the air, I could
see the mass
of people

1477
01:25:47,701 --> 01:25:50,399
inside the party buildings
on Zeppelinfeld.

1478
01:25:51,239 --> 01:25:52,820
On the way back
from the airport,

1479
01:25:52,821 --> 01:25:55,299
the boiling heat of this
uniformed public festival

1480
01:25:55,300 --> 01:25:56,720
suddenly enveloped me.

1481
01:25:57,760 --> 01:26:01,760
Marching music, columns
of men, swirling dust,

1482
01:26:02,600 --> 01:26:06,800
swastika flags in all possible
and impossible places.

1483
01:26:07,800 --> 01:26:10,199
And the pavements
brown with people."

1484
01:26:11,199 --> 01:26:12,580
Paul-Otto Schmidt,

1485
01:26:12,581 --> 01:26:15,680
Chief Interpreter at the
Foreign Ministry, experiences.

1486
01:26:17,319 --> 01:26:19,318
(singing in foreign language)

1487
01:26:19,319 --> 01:26:22,179
- [Voiceover] "The march
past took four hours.

1488
01:26:22,180 --> 01:26:25,080
He held his right arm
out in the Nazi salute

1489
01:26:25,081 --> 01:26:27,000
for literally the entire time.

1490
01:26:29,199 --> 01:26:32,599
Afterwards I asked him how
he was able to do that.

1491
01:26:32,600 --> 01:26:35,000
His answer, willpower."

1492
01:26:36,960 --> 01:26:40,119
Neville Henderson, British
Ambassador to Germany.

1493
01:26:41,720 --> 01:26:43,438
(crowd shouting)

1494
01:26:43,439 --> 01:26:45,000
- [Voiceover] "Each
time, I noticed

1495
01:26:45,001 --> 01:26:46,660
how enchanted people looked,

1496
01:26:46,661 --> 01:26:49,139
their faces full of
near biblical devotion

1497
01:26:49,140 --> 01:26:50,560
when they saw Hitler.

1498
01:26:53,119 --> 01:26:56,040
As if delirious, they
stretched out their arms

1499
01:26:56,041 --> 01:26:59,720
and greeted him with screams
and shouts
of Heil."

1500
01:27:01,840 --> 01:27:03,039
Paul-Otto Schmidt.

1501
01:27:09,600 --> 01:27:11,060
- [Narrator] Over the years,

1502
01:27:11,061 --> 01:27:14,279
the procedures at the Nuremberg
rallies are canonized.

1503
01:27:14,280 --> 01:27:17,198
The form, as Hitler
expresses to Albert Speer

1504
01:27:17,199 --> 01:27:20,599
in a debriefing of the
party convention in 1938,

1505
01:27:20,600 --> 01:27:25,438
must be an irreversible ritual
for as long as
he lives.

1506
01:27:25,439 --> 01:27:28,839
Canonization would provide
his potential successor

1507
01:27:28,840 --> 01:27:30,959
with Hitler's borrowed charisma

1508
01:27:30,960 --> 01:27:33,559
and become a liturgy
of the Third Reich.

1509
01:27:33,560 --> 01:27:36,760
(people chattering)

1510
01:27:38,079 --> 01:27:41,079
(crowd shouting)

1511
01:27:44,640 --> 01:27:48,198
- [Voiceover] "On Friday
the 11th of March 1938,

1512
01:27:48,199 --> 01:27:51,600
Austrian Radio broadcast
a program of light music.

1513
01:27:52,399 --> 01:27:54,478
It was 7:45 in the evening

1514
01:27:54,479 --> 01:27:57,198
when the announcer
suddenly interrupted.

1515
01:27:57,199 --> 01:27:59,398
The Chancellor was
going to speak.

1516
01:27:59,399 --> 01:28:02,879
Kurt Schuschnigg said that in
order to avoid bloodshed,

1517
01:28:02,880 --> 01:28:05,600
he would capitate
to Hitler's wishes.

1518
01:28:06,640 --> 01:28:10,319
He ended his speech with the
words God protect Austria."

1519
01:28:12,079 --> 01:28:15,118
Dr. Eduard Bloch, the
Hitlers' family doctor,

1520
01:28:15,119 --> 01:28:20,000
written in US exile,
March the 15th 1941.

1521
01:28:22,960 --> 01:28:26,959
(guns banging)
(pensive music)

1522
01:28:26,960 --> 01:28:28,479
- [Voiceover] "Apart
from his resolve

1523
01:28:28,480 --> 01:28:30,960
to bring all Teutonic
races into the Reich,

1524
01:28:30,961 --> 01:28:33,540
as so plainly described
in 'Mein Kampf, '

1525
01:28:33,541 --> 01:28:35,359
Hitler had two
reasons for wishing

1526
01:28:35,360 --> 01:28:37,159
to absorb the Austrian Republic.

1527
01:28:39,359 --> 01:28:42,198
It opened both the
door of Czechoslovakia

1528
01:28:42,199 --> 01:28:44,198
and the more spacious portals

1529
01:28:44,199 --> 01:28:46,720
of Southeastern
Europe to Germany."

1530
01:28:48,760 --> 01:28:51,960
Winston Churchill,
"The Second World War."

1531
01:28:54,880 --> 01:28:56,238
(stately music)

1532
01:28:56,239 --> 01:28:58,119
- [Voiceover] "If it
is still claimed today

1533
01:28:58,120 --> 01:28:59,820
that Hitler occupied Austria

1534
01:28:59,821 --> 01:29:01,680
against the will
of the Austrians,

1535
01:29:01,681 --> 01:29:04,560
that doesn't coincide
with my observations."

1536
01:29:07,239 --> 01:29:10,599
Fritz Wiedemann,
Adjutant to Adolf Hitler.

1537
01:29:10,600 --> 01:29:13,800
(people chattering)

1538
01:29:15,000 --> 01:29:16,560
- [Voiceover] Hitler's
speech from a balcony

1539
01:29:16,561 --> 01:29:18,119
of the Hapsburg Palace.

1540
01:29:21,239 --> 01:29:22,740
(speaking in foreign language)

1541
01:29:22,741 --> 01:29:25,319
"As Fuhrer and Chancellor of
the German nation and Reich,

1542
01:29:25,320 --> 01:29:28,759
I report before history
the entry of my homeland

1543
01:29:28,760 --> 01:29:30,960
into the German Reich."

1544
01:29:32,680 --> 01:29:35,600
(crowd cheering)

1545
01:29:37,840 --> 01:29:39,900
- [Narrator] On
March the 25th 1938,

1546
01:29:39,901 --> 01:29:43,079
Hitler begins the last
election campaign
of his life.

1547
01:29:44,479 --> 01:29:47,239
Hitler wants to confirm
the annexation of Austria

1548
01:29:47,240 --> 01:29:48,720
in a referendum.

1549
01:29:50,600 --> 01:29:54,559
He estimates 80% will vote
in favor of it
in Austria.

1550
01:29:54,560 --> 01:29:55,920
He's more than surprised

1551
01:29:55,921 --> 01:29:58,159
when on the evening
of April the 10th

1552
01:29:58,160 --> 01:30:00,560
the referendum
results are announced.

1553
01:30:00,561 --> 01:30:05,038
99.7% have voted
for the Anschluss,

1554
01:30:05,039 --> 01:30:07,158
more than in the Old Reich.

1555
01:30:07,159 --> 01:30:10,079
(crowd cheering)

1556
01:30:17,159 --> 01:30:19,920
(somber music)

1557
01:30:40,640 --> 01:30:42,840
- [Voiceover] "He's
really very lonely.

1558
01:30:42,841 --> 01:30:44,439
Doesn't have any
luck with women.

1559
01:30:44,440 --> 01:30:46,139
He's too soft with them

1560
01:30:46,140 --> 01:30:47,400
Women don't like that.

1561
01:30:47,401 --> 01:30:49,399
They need a man to
lord it over them."

1562
01:30:52,199 --> 01:30:53,960
Joseph Goebbels, diary.

1563
01:30:55,199 --> 01:30:56,999
(people chattering)

1564
01:30:57,000 --> 01:30:58,999
- [Narrator] In October 1938,

1565
01:30:59,000 --> 01:31:03,679
Willi Forst shoots "Bel Ami"
in the UFA Studios in Berlin.

1566
01:31:03,680 --> 01:31:05,719
(jaunty music)

1567
01:31:05,720 --> 01:31:08,038
(singing in foreign language)

1568
01:31:08,039 --> 01:31:10,239
- [Voiceover] Speech to
the Nazi Women's League

1569
01:31:10,240 --> 01:31:11,438
in Nuremberg.

1570
01:31:11,439 --> 01:31:13,560
"There was a time
when liberalism fought

1571
01:31:13,561 --> 01:31:15,159
for the equal rights of women,

1572
01:31:15,160 --> 01:31:18,700
but the faces of German women,
of German girls lacked hope.

1573
01:31:18,701 --> 01:31:20,439
They were gloomy and sad.

1574
01:31:20,440 --> 01:31:24,600
And today, today we
see countless beaming,
laughing faces."

1575
01:31:29,760 --> 01:31:31,438
Adolf Hitler.

1576
01:31:31,439 --> 01:31:35,520
(singing in foreign language)

1577
01:31:55,439 --> 01:31:57,039
- [Voiceover] "He knew
that he could have

1578
01:31:57,040 --> 01:31:58,479
any number of women.

1579
01:31:59,439 --> 01:32:03,318
He refused because he didn't
know, as he said jokingly,

1580
01:32:03,319 --> 01:32:06,519
whether they favored
him as Reich Chancellor

1581
01:32:06,520 --> 01:32:07,840
or as Adolf Hitler."

1582
01:32:08,640 --> 01:32:09,680
Albert Speer.

1583
01:32:12,079 --> 01:32:13,760
- [Voiceover] "As for Eva Braun,

1584
01:32:13,761 --> 01:32:16,299
no one outside the inner
circles of the party
and the SS

1585
01:32:16,300 --> 01:32:19,159
knew of her until the
last year of the war."

1586
01:32:21,199 --> 01:32:22,478
Charles Bewley,

1587
01:32:22,479 --> 01:32:26,399
Irish Envoy Extraordinary
to Berlin, 1933 to 1939.

1588
01:32:32,039 --> 01:32:34,840
- [Voiceover] "Privately
Hitler was very nice.

1589
01:32:34,841 --> 01:32:37,960
Eva Braun loved him very
much and he loved her."

1590
01:32:41,680 --> 01:32:44,600
Herta Schneider,
friend of Eva Braun.

1591
01:32:46,279 --> 01:32:48,920
- [Voiceover] Diary,
November the 18th 1934.

1592
01:32:51,560 --> 01:32:53,119
"I don't want it to be my fault

1593
01:32:53,120 --> 01:32:54,880
if he doesn't like me anymore."

1594
01:32:57,039 --> 01:32:58,720
Eva Braun.

1595
01:33:00,600 --> 01:33:05,559
- [Narrator] For several months
in the years 1934
and 1935,

1596
01:33:05,560 --> 01:33:07,520
Eva Braun keeps a diary.

1597
01:33:08,439 --> 01:33:11,680
The diary includes the period
when she attempts suicide,

1598
01:33:11,681 --> 01:33:14,438
probably to get Hitler
to commit to her.

1599
01:33:14,439 --> 01:33:17,680
(squirrel chirping)

1600
01:33:20,000 --> 01:33:23,359
- [Voiceover] Diary,
March the 11th 1935

1601
01:33:24,479 --> 01:33:26,318
"If only I'd never met him.

1602
01:33:26,319 --> 01:33:27,679
I'm in despair.

1603
01:33:27,680 --> 01:33:30,038
I'm buying sleeping
powders again.

1604
01:33:30,039 --> 01:33:31,980
He only needs me for
certain purposes.

1605
01:33:31,981 --> 01:33:33,680
Nothing else is possible.

1606
01:33:34,479 --> 01:33:37,840
When he says he loves me, he
means it only at that moment."

1607
01:33:40,640 --> 01:33:41,640
Eva Braun.

1608
01:33:42,279 --> 01:33:44,078
(waves rustling)

1609
01:33:44,079 --> 01:33:46,319
- [Voiceover] "That
was when Eva Braun

1610
01:33:46,320 --> 01:33:48,398
attempted her first suicide.

1611
01:33:48,399 --> 01:33:51,960
This act of desperation
moved Hitler deeply."

1612
01:33:54,399 --> 01:33:57,239
Christa Schroeder, Hitler's
private secretary.

1613
01:34:05,159 --> 01:34:07,959
"Politically she had no idea.

1614
01:34:07,960 --> 01:34:10,460
You often heard Eva
Braun complaining."

1615
01:34:10,461 --> 01:34:12,159
- [Voiceover] "I
don't know anything.

1616
01:34:12,160 --> 01:34:14,239
Everything's kept
secret from me."

1617
01:34:14,240 --> 01:34:16,639
(breezy music)

1618
01:34:16,640 --> 01:34:18,119
- [Voiceover]
"Hitler had got used

1619
01:34:18,120 --> 01:34:19,800
to his girlfriend's character,

1620
01:34:19,801 --> 01:34:22,680
but he didn't give in to
everything she wanted.

1621
01:34:22,681 --> 01:34:25,259
She was subject to a
lot of strict rules.

1622
01:34:25,260 --> 01:34:27,600
When she danced,
she did so secretly

1623
01:34:27,601 --> 01:34:29,920
because Hitler
disliked dancing."

1624
01:34:32,199 --> 01:34:33,640
Christa Schroeder.

1625
01:34:33,641 --> 01:34:36,919
(people chattering)

1626
01:34:36,920 --> 01:34:39,800
(elegant music)

1627
01:34:44,399 --> 01:34:46,640
- [Voiceover] "The efforts
my wife and
I made

1628
01:34:46,641 --> 01:34:49,919
to encourage Hitler to take
private dancing lessons

1629
01:34:49,920 --> 01:34:52,358
weren't crowned with success."

1630
01:34:52,359 --> 01:34:53,600
- [Voiceover] "No."

1631
01:34:53,601 --> 01:34:55,319
- [Voiceover] "He
said categorically."

1632
01:34:55,159 --> 01:34:56,439
- [Voiceover] "For a statesman,

1633
01:34:56,440 --> 01:34:58,800
dancing is an
undignified activity.

1634
01:34:58,801 --> 01:35:01,800
All of these balls are
purely a waste of time.

1635
01:35:01,801 --> 01:35:05,199
And besides, the waltz is far
too effeminate
for a man.

1636
01:35:05,200 --> 01:35:07,119
It's exactly this waltz mania

1637
01:35:07,120 --> 01:35:09,099
that made me hate Vienna so much

1638
01:35:09,100 --> 01:35:10,239
and how it contributed

1639
01:35:10,240 --> 01:35:12,520
to the downfall of
the Habsburg Empire."

1640
01:35:15,119 --> 01:35:18,199
- [Voiceover] Ernst
Hanfstaengl, from
1937 in exile.

1641
01:35:19,119 --> 01:35:21,960
(elegant music)

1642
01:35:26,000 --> 01:35:29,279
(people chattering)

1643
01:35:35,680 --> 01:35:39,219
- [Narrator] Hitler maintains
his publicly spartan lifestyle

1644
01:35:39,220 --> 01:35:42,020
in surroundings of not
inconsiderable luxury.

1645
01:35:42,021 --> 01:35:44,560
In addition to his private
apartment in Munich,

1646
01:35:44,561 --> 01:35:48,278
he also has a residence in
the Alps on Obersalzberg.

1647
01:35:48,279 --> 01:35:49,840
Unnoticed by the public,

1648
01:35:49,841 --> 01:35:52,359
he builds up a fortune
worth millions.

1649
01:35:53,439 --> 01:35:55,600
- [Voiceover] "I
don't have any stocks.

1650
01:35:55,601 --> 01:35:57,879
I don't own shares
in any company.

1651
01:35:57,880 --> 01:35:59,680
I don't earn dividends."

1652
01:36:01,359 --> 01:36:03,680
Adolf Hitler in the
Krupp works, Essen,

1653
01:36:03,681 --> 01:36:06,359
March the 27th 1936.

1654
01:36:08,960 --> 01:36:11,159
- [Narrator] The Reich
Finance Ministry declares

1655
01:36:11,160 --> 01:36:14,100
that Hitler is no longer
obliged to pay taxes

1656
01:36:14,101 --> 01:36:16,959
due to his
constitutional position,

1657
01:36:16,960 --> 01:36:21,199
and as of 1934, Hitler
no longer does so.

1658
01:36:23,520 --> 01:36:25,799
(foreboding music)

1659
01:36:25,800 --> 01:36:28,119
- [Voiceover] "When he had
to make big decisions,

1660
01:36:28,120 --> 01:36:29,800
he went up to Obersalzberg.

1661
01:36:30,760 --> 01:36:33,680
Here, life was geared
to his personal needs.

1662
01:36:35,239 --> 01:36:37,318
Strolls around Obersalzberg,

1663
01:36:37,319 --> 01:36:40,679
stopping in small guesthouses
gave him, as
he said,

1664
01:36:40,680 --> 01:36:42,120
the inner peace and confidence

1665
01:36:42,121 --> 01:36:44,880
to make the decisions
that surprise the world."

1666
01:36:46,560 --> 01:36:48,000
Albert Speer.

1667
01:36:51,640 --> 01:36:53,920
- [Voiceover] "He didn't
drink a drop of alcohol,

1668
01:36:53,921 --> 01:36:55,999
never ate meat, didn't smoke.

1669
01:36:56,000 --> 01:37:00,079
His asceticism was real
and not artificial."

1670
01:37:01,960 --> 01:37:03,159
Hans Frank.

1671
01:37:05,319 --> 01:37:06,800
- [Voiceover] "One
of those present

1672
01:37:06,801 --> 01:37:08,420
asked his personal physician

1673
01:37:08,421 --> 01:37:10,680
whether the health of
the Reich Chancellor

1674
01:37:10,681 --> 01:37:13,198
forced him to keep
such a strict diet,

1675
01:37:13,199 --> 01:37:15,840
and he answered that
his spartan habits

1676
01:37:15,841 --> 01:37:18,279
were mainly for
psychological reasons."

1677
01:37:20,800 --> 01:37:23,720
Gustaf Mannerheim,
Finnish Field Marshal.

1678
01:37:27,039 --> 01:37:29,800
- [Voiceover] Incidentally,
the Fuhrer tried
to spoil

1679
01:37:29,801 --> 01:37:32,119
the meat eaters'
enjoyment of their meal.

1680
01:37:34,000 --> 01:37:37,620
Although he didn't want to
convert anyone to vegetarianism,

1681
01:37:37,621 --> 01:37:40,480
he suddenly began talking
about how awful it was

1682
01:37:40,481 --> 01:37:42,279
walking through an abattoir.

1683
01:37:44,640 --> 01:37:48,198
Gertraud Traudl Junge,
Hitler's private secretary.

1684
01:37:48,199 --> 01:37:50,078
(pig squealing)

1685
01:37:50,079 --> 01:37:52,719
(people chattering)

1686
01:37:52,720 --> 01:37:54,720
- [Voiceover] "Enjoying
meat, he said,

1687
01:37:54,721 --> 01:37:57,158
triggered a desire for alcohol,

1688
01:37:57,159 --> 01:38:00,278
and then again, alcohol
stimulated smoking,

1689
01:38:00,279 --> 01:38:03,278
and this was how one
vice led to another.

1690
01:38:03,279 --> 01:38:07,199
Nicotine was, in his opinion,
even worse than alcohol.

1691
01:38:07,840 --> 01:38:09,860
He actually toyed with the idea

1692
01:38:09,861 --> 01:38:12,520
of totally banning smoking
throughout Germany.

1693
01:38:15,439 --> 01:38:18,339
The campaign would start with
a skull and crossbones

1694
01:38:18,340 --> 01:38:20,439
printed on the
cigarette packet."

1695
01:38:24,039 --> 01:38:25,439
Christa Schroeder.

1696
01:38:27,920 --> 01:38:30,279
- [Narrator] Hitler is
driven by the notion

1697
01:38:30,280 --> 01:38:33,839
that he will only be
granted a short life.

1698
01:38:33,840 --> 01:38:35,118
(ominous music)

1699
01:38:35,119 --> 01:38:37,520
- [Voiceover] My personal
last will and testament.

1700
01:38:37,521 --> 01:38:40,639
Berlin, May the 2nd 1938.

1701
01:38:40,640 --> 01:38:42,438
"In the case of my death,

1702
01:38:42,439 --> 01:38:45,198
I dispose that my
remains be buried

1703
01:38:45,199 --> 01:38:48,460
in the right-hand temple of
the Eternal Guardhouse.

1704
01:38:48,461 --> 01:38:50,960
My coffin should
resemble the others.

1705
01:38:50,961 --> 01:38:53,839
That my entire estate
be left to the party.

1706
01:38:53,840 --> 01:38:56,278
To Fraulein Eva Braun, Munich,

1707
01:38:56,279 --> 01:38:59,799
a lifelong allowance of
1,000 marks per month.

1708
01:38:59,800 --> 01:39:01,959
To my sister Angela, Dresden,

1709
01:39:01,960 --> 01:39:05,478
a lifelong allowance of
1,000 marks per month.

1710
01:39:05,479 --> 01:39:07,398
To my sister Paula, Vienna,

1711
01:39:07,399 --> 01:39:10,959
a lifelong allowance of
1,000 marks per month.

1712
01:39:10,960 --> 01:39:13,358
To my stepbrother Alois Hitler,

1713
01:39:13,359 --> 01:39:16,078
the lump sum of 60,000 marks.

1714
01:39:16,079 --> 01:39:17,959
To my trusted Julius Schaub,

1715
01:39:17,960 --> 01:39:19,880
the lump sum of 10,000 marks

1716
01:39:19,881 --> 01:39:22,960
and a lifelong monthly
pension of 500 marks.

1717
01:39:25,159 --> 01:39:26,960
I appoint the Master
of the Treasury

1718
01:39:26,961 --> 01:39:28,940
as executor of this testament.

1719
01:39:28,941 --> 01:39:31,600
In the case of his
death, Martin Bormann."

1720
01:39:34,000 --> 01:39:35,239
Adolf Hitler.

1721
01:39:39,399 --> 01:39:42,199
(somber music)

1722
01:40:04,199 --> 01:40:06,840
- [Voiceover] "He has managed
to captivate
his people,

1723
01:40:06,841 --> 01:40:08,700
using a mystical band

1724
01:40:08,701 --> 01:40:11,720
that is not even dependent on
the National Socialist Party

1725
01:40:11,721 --> 01:40:13,559
that helped him into power.

1726
01:40:13,560 --> 01:40:16,599
I often have the opportunity
to experience this,

1727
01:40:16,600 --> 01:40:19,159
indeed, in all social circles."

1728
01:40:23,039 --> 01:40:24,359
Robert Coulondre,

1729
01:40:24,360 --> 01:40:28,719
French Ambassador to
Berlin, 1938 and 1939.

1730
01:40:28,720 --> 01:40:31,760
(people clapping)

1731
01:40:37,319 --> 01:40:40,279
- [Voiceover] "Troppau lies
near the German border.

1732
01:40:41,119 --> 01:40:43,159
Whenever we came
up to the border,

1733
01:40:43,160 --> 01:40:44,960
several in the group broke away,

1734
01:40:44,961 --> 01:40:48,880
ran across the border line,
and kissed the
German earth.

1735
01:40:50,319 --> 01:40:53,900
Later, I learned that these
children were ethnic Germans

1736
01:40:53,901 --> 01:40:56,039
who were raised
to love Germany."

1737
01:40:59,359 --> 01:41:01,239
Ruth Elias, Czech Jew.

1738
01:41:09,760 --> 01:41:14,000
- [Voiceover] Diary, Monday,
September the
12th 1938.

1739
01:41:16,279 --> 01:41:18,159
"In the evening,
we heard the close

1740
01:41:18,160 --> 01:41:20,799
of the party convention
in Nuremberg.

1741
01:41:20,800 --> 01:41:23,519
Adolf Hitler called
on President Benes,

1742
01:41:23,520 --> 01:41:26,159
if the Sudeten Germans
are not protected,

1743
01:41:26,160 --> 01:41:27,920
we know what we have to do.

1744
01:41:29,840 --> 01:41:32,839
God preserve the
existing peace."

1745
01:41:32,840 --> 01:41:34,639
(stately music)

1746
01:41:34,640 --> 01:41:39,159
Diary, Tuesday,
September the 27th 1938.

1747
01:41:40,119 --> 01:41:42,840
"Hitler spoke to the
German people last night.

1748
01:41:43,760 --> 01:41:45,960
If Benes doesn't
accept his offer,

1749
01:41:45,961 --> 01:41:48,119
we'll move in on
October the 1st.

1750
01:41:48,960 --> 01:41:50,399
That means war."

1751
01:41:52,520 --> 01:41:57,358
Diary, Wednesday
September the 28th 1938.

1752
01:41:57,359 --> 01:41:59,478
"Tomorrow, a meeting in Munich

1753
01:41:59,479 --> 01:42:04,680
between Hitler, Daladier,
Chamberlain, and Mussolini."

1754
01:42:10,760 --> 01:42:15,238
Diary, Friday,
September the 30th 1938.

1755
01:42:15,239 --> 01:42:18,639
"The negotiations in Munich
have had a happy ending.

1756
01:42:18,640 --> 01:42:22,719
The Czechs have to pull out
of the Sudetenland tomorrow.

1757
01:42:22,720 --> 01:42:25,840
Hitler, our prince of peace."

1758
01:42:27,680 --> 01:42:31,079
Henrietta Schneider,
housekeeper, East Prussia.

1759
01:42:34,319 --> 01:42:36,199
- [Voiceover] "The
genius of the Fuhrer

1760
01:42:36,200 --> 01:42:39,999
and his determination not to
shrink even in the face of war

1761
01:42:40,000 --> 01:42:43,680
have again achieved victory
without the use
of force."

1762
01:42:44,920 --> 01:42:47,479
Alfred Jodl, Major General.

1763
01:42:50,079 --> 01:42:52,840
- [Voiceover] "In spite of the
harshness and ruthlessness

1764
01:42:52,841 --> 01:42:54,719
I thought I saw in his face,

1765
01:42:54,720 --> 01:42:57,219
I got the impression
that here was a man

1766
01:42:57,220 --> 01:43:00,520
who could be relied upon when
he had given
his word."

1767
01:43:02,359 --> 01:43:05,020
Neville Chamberlain,
British Prime Minister,

1768
01:43:05,021 --> 01:43:06,479
letter to his sister.

1769
01:43:10,520 --> 01:43:13,620
- [Voiceover] "On Monday,
November the 7th 1938,

1770
01:43:13,621 --> 01:43:16,560
the stateless 17-year-old
Jewish boy Grynszpan

1771
01:43:16,561 --> 01:43:18,299
goes to the German Embassy,

1772
01:43:18,300 --> 01:43:21,000
demands to speak with
one of the councilors,

1773
01:43:21,001 --> 01:43:25,279
is taken to the Duty Councilor
Vom Rath, and
shoots him.

1774
01:43:26,079 --> 01:43:28,520
Grynszpan describes
the motive for the act

1775
01:43:28,521 --> 01:43:31,640
as wanting to take revenge
for his fellow believers

1776
01:43:31,641 --> 01:43:34,560
for the Polish Jews
forced out of Germany.

1777
01:43:37,600 --> 01:43:41,520
Walter Tausk, German
Jew, Wroclaw, diary.

1778
01:43:48,920 --> 01:43:52,679
- [Voiceover] "In Munich,
the failed putsch of 1923

1779
01:43:52,680 --> 01:43:54,879
was celebrated with great pomp.

1780
01:43:54,880 --> 01:43:57,760
The SS marched through
all over the city.

1781
01:43:59,000 --> 01:44:03,359
The radio announced the
death of the diplomat."

1782
01:44:06,560 --> 01:44:08,238
Edgar Feuchtwanger.

1783
01:44:08,239 --> 01:44:12,399
(speaking in foreign language)

1784
01:44:19,279 --> 01:44:22,319
(dignified music)

1785
01:44:29,720 --> 01:44:34,278
(speaking in foreign language)

1786
01:44:34,279 --> 01:44:37,159
(pompous music)

1787
01:44:56,960 --> 01:45:01,159
(speaking in foreign language)

1788
01:45:34,600 --> 01:45:38,720
(singing in foreign language)

1789
01:45:47,359 --> 01:45:50,279
(fire crackling)

1790
01:45:57,520 --> 01:45:59,319
- [Narrator] Following
a traditional march

1791
01:45:59,320 --> 01:46:01,020
to the Feldherrnhalle,

1792
01:46:01,021 --> 01:46:04,720
at a social evening of NS party
leaders and old comrades,

1793
01:46:04,721 --> 01:46:08,079
Joseph Goebbels announces the
death of Ernst
vom Rath.

1794
01:46:09,960 --> 01:46:11,680
- [Voiceover] "I go
to the party reception

1795
01:46:11,681 --> 01:46:13,398
in the Old Town Hall.

1796
01:46:13,399 --> 01:46:14,719
Very busy.

1797
01:46:14,720 --> 01:46:16,720
I report the matter
to the Fuhrer.

1798
01:46:17,960 --> 01:46:19,119
He orders."

1799
01:46:18,880 --> 01:46:20,600
- [Voiceover]
"Withdraw the police.

1800
01:46:20,601 --> 01:46:23,439
The Jews should for once
feel the people's anger."

1801
01:46:24,960 --> 01:46:27,199
- [Voiceover] Joseph
Goebbels, diary.

1802
01:46:27,200 --> 01:46:30,079
(fire crackling)

1803
01:46:30,800 --> 01:46:33,399
- [Voiceover] Diary,
November 1938.

1804
01:46:34,359 --> 01:46:36,600
"In the night that brings
the news of the death,

1805
01:46:36,601 --> 01:46:39,119
a pogrom breaks out
all over Germany.

1806
01:46:40,279 --> 01:46:42,259
All the synagogues are on fire.

1807
01:46:42,260 --> 01:46:44,800
Windows are smashed in
all the Jewish shops,

1808
01:46:44,801 --> 01:46:46,438
the wares destroyed.

1809
01:46:46,439 --> 01:46:48,319
Apartments are broken into.

1810
01:46:49,640 --> 01:46:51,840
Thousands of Jewish
men are arrested

1811
01:46:51,841 --> 01:46:54,520
and locked up in
concentration camps."

1812
01:47:00,960 --> 01:47:04,159
Kathe Kollwitz,
painter and sculptress.

1813
01:47:07,960 --> 01:47:09,759
(rain splattering)

1814
01:47:09,760 --> 01:47:11,960
- [Voiceover] "When that
segment of the population

1815
01:47:11,961 --> 01:47:15,039
that had not taken part,
either as police or SA,

1816
01:47:15,040 --> 01:47:16,700
awoke after the fatal night

1817
01:47:16,701 --> 01:47:19,359
and saw the destruction
that had taken place,

1818
01:47:19,360 --> 01:47:23,120
a sequence unfolded that its
instigators had not expected.

1819
01:47:23,121 --> 01:47:26,959
An unmistakable deep sense
of depression and shame

1820
01:47:26,960 --> 01:47:28,479
seized the public.

1821
01:47:28,480 --> 01:47:31,920
People said, 'I'm
ashamed to be a German.'"

1822
01:47:33,520 --> 01:47:37,839
Rudolf Bing, German Jewish
businessman, Nuremberg.

1823
01:47:37,840 --> 01:47:40,960
(thunder cracking)

1824
01:47:42,479 --> 01:47:45,239
(lively music)

1825
01:48:00,800 --> 01:48:03,800
- [Voiceover] Diary,
December the 6th 1938.

1826
01:48:04,640 --> 01:48:06,740
"A boycott has been
issued against Jews

1827
01:48:06,741 --> 01:48:08,239
throughout the Reich.

1828
01:48:10,960 --> 01:48:14,140
The ban against Jews in Berlin
applies to all theaters,

1829
01:48:14,141 --> 01:48:17,119
cinemas, cabarets, concert
and lecture halls,

1830
01:48:17,120 --> 01:48:20,118
museums, fairs, the radio tower,

1831
01:48:20,119 --> 01:48:22,800
the Deutschlandhalle
and the Sportpalast.

1832
01:48:22,801 --> 01:48:26,120
In addition, all outdoor and
indoor swimming pools,

1833
01:48:26,121 --> 01:48:29,398
as well as from Wilhelmstrasse
and Vossstrasse

1834
01:48:29,399 --> 01:48:33,079
to the Reich Monument
and the Zeughaus."

1835
01:48:34,960 --> 01:48:36,520
Erich Ebermayer, writer.

1836
01:48:36,521 --> 01:48:39,358
(audience cheering)

1837
01:48:39,359 --> 01:48:42,199
- [Narrator] Harassed
by the Nazi authorities,

1838
01:48:42,200 --> 01:48:45,919
around 120,000 German
and Austrian Jews

1839
01:48:45,920 --> 01:48:48,179
succeed in leaving
their homeland

1840
01:48:48,180 --> 01:48:50,800
by the beginning of
the Second World War.

1841
01:48:50,801 --> 01:48:53,520
(jaunty music)

1842
01:48:55,680 --> 01:48:58,318
(wind howling)

1843
01:48:58,319 --> 01:49:01,479
- [Voiceover] Diary,
January the 1st 1939.

1844
01:49:04,640 --> 01:49:05,600
"A new year.

1845
01:49:05,601 --> 01:49:07,760
Ah, may it be a year of peace."

1846
01:49:10,520 --> 01:49:13,680
Thea Sternheim, art
collector and author.

1847
01:49:15,079 --> 01:49:18,238
- [Narrator] On the
13th of February 1939,

1848
01:49:18,239 --> 01:49:21,140
Hitler tells a few confidantes
that he intends

1849
01:49:21,141 --> 01:49:24,398
to take action against
the Czechs in mid-March.

1850
01:49:24,399 --> 01:49:27,719
German propaganda is
adjusted accordingly.

1851
01:49:27,720 --> 01:49:31,000
(people chattering)

1852
01:49:34,399 --> 01:49:35,960
- [Voiceover] Diary, Berlin,

1853
01:49:35,961 --> 01:49:39,000
March the 14th 1939, nighttime.

1854
01:49:40,159 --> 01:49:41,840
"Foreign broadcasters
are reporting

1855
01:49:41,841 --> 01:49:43,820
that the Czechoslovak
President Hacha

1856
01:49:43,821 --> 01:49:46,680
arrived in Berlin today and
was received
by Hitler.

1857
01:49:47,319 --> 01:49:49,279
Does this mean war after all?"

1858
01:49:51,920 --> 01:49:53,239
Erich Ebermayer.

1859
01:49:57,720 --> 01:50:01,198
(triumphant music)

1860
01:50:01,199 --> 01:50:02,319
- [Voiceover] "In the meantime,

1861
01:50:02,159 --> 01:50:03,600
I dealt with the transcription

1862
01:50:03,601 --> 01:50:06,359
of the statement of just
a few lines, reading,

1863
01:50:06,360 --> 01:50:08,640
the Czechoslovak
President has declared

1864
01:50:08,641 --> 01:50:10,039
that he has trustingly placed

1865
01:50:10,040 --> 01:50:12,580
the fate of the Czech
people and country

1866
01:50:12,581 --> 01:50:15,199
in the hands of the Fuhrer
of the German Reich.

1867
01:50:16,000 --> 01:50:18,180
The Fuhrer accepted
this declaration

1868
01:50:18,181 --> 01:50:20,960
and expressed his intention
of taking the
Czech people

1869
01:50:20,961 --> 01:50:23,380
under the protection
of the German Reich

1870
01:50:23,381 --> 01:50:25,640
and guaranteeing them
autonomous development

1871
01:50:25,641 --> 01:50:28,479
of their ethnic life suited
to their character."

1872
01:50:29,960 --> 01:50:33,159
Paul-Otto Schmidt, interpreter
for Adolf Hitler.

1873
01:50:36,359 --> 01:50:37,920
- [Voiceover] "For three hours,

1874
01:50:37,921 --> 01:50:39,399
Hitler conducted a discussion

1875
01:50:39,400 --> 01:50:41,720
with the President
of Czechoslovakia.

1876
01:50:41,721 --> 01:50:44,599
We all knew that it
was about war or peace.

1877
01:50:44,600 --> 01:50:46,239
Suddenly the door opened.

1878
01:50:46,240 --> 01:50:48,480
Hitler rushed out
and proclaimed."

1879
01:50:48,481 --> 01:50:50,919
- [Voiceover] "So
people, good news.

1880
01:50:50,920 --> 01:50:52,560
Hacha has signed the agreement.

1881
01:50:52,561 --> 01:50:55,359
I will go down as the greatest
German in history."

1882
01:50:57,239 --> 01:51:00,600
- [Voiceover] Christa
Schroeder, Hitler's
private secretary.

1883
01:51:03,239 --> 01:51:05,079
- [Voiceover] Letter
to Elisabeth Wagner,

1884
01:51:05,080 --> 01:51:07,959
March the 15th 1939, evening.

1885
01:51:07,960 --> 01:51:11,600
"The Fuhrer drove to Prague at
four o'clock this afternoon.

1886
01:51:12,119 --> 01:51:14,199
He is staying at Prague Castle.

1887
01:51:14,200 --> 01:51:16,600
In the morning, there
will be a parade.

1888
01:51:16,601 --> 01:51:18,520
His dream is thus fulfilled."

1889
01:51:22,479 --> 01:51:24,640
Eduard Wagner,
Artillery General.

1890
01:51:31,439 --> 01:51:32,760
- [Voiceover] Secret report

1891
01:51:32,761 --> 01:51:35,039
to Ambassador Jozef
Lipski in Berlin.

1892
01:51:36,680 --> 01:51:39,520
"Everyone is awaiting further
steps from Hitler.

1893
01:51:39,521 --> 01:51:42,340
It is generally assumed that
after the annexation of Memel,

1894
01:51:42,341 --> 01:51:45,120
he has to move on to the
settlement demands
with Poland,

1895
01:51:45,121 --> 01:51:48,120
primarily the takeover of
Danzig and the Corridor.

1896
01:51:48,121 --> 01:51:50,680
The solution to these questions
will meet with understanding

1897
01:51:50,681 --> 01:51:52,840
and recognition by
the German people."

1898
01:51:56,680 --> 01:52:00,118
Feliks Chiczewski,
Polish General Consul.

1899
01:52:00,119 --> 01:52:02,840
(bell ringing)

1900
01:52:08,479 --> 01:52:11,399
- [Voiceover] Letter to his
wife, Vita Sackville-West,

1901
01:52:11,400 --> 01:52:14,239
April the 20th 1939.

1902
01:52:15,119 --> 01:52:18,380
"There is a break in the
crisis, which makes
me uneasy.

1903
01:52:18,381 --> 01:52:20,960
That is one of the worst
things with this tension.

1904
01:52:20,961 --> 01:52:24,238
If Hitler doesn't do anything,
we all become uneasy,

1905
01:52:24,239 --> 01:52:27,439
and if he does do something,
we all get frightened."

1906
01:52:28,720 --> 01:52:33,318
Harold Nicolson,
member of Parliament,
National Labor Party.

1907
01:52:33,319 --> 01:52:36,079
(mellow music)

1908
01:52:39,199 --> 01:52:41,560
- [Voiceover] "The
summer was winding down.

1909
01:52:41,561 --> 01:52:43,760
The weather was warm and sultry,

1910
01:52:43,761 --> 01:52:46,919
and Danzig's numerous cafes,
beer and wine gardens

1911
01:52:46,920 --> 01:52:49,540
were filled with Germans
enjoying themselves

1912
01:52:49,541 --> 01:52:51,960
despite all the talk
of imminent war.

1913
01:52:54,039 --> 01:52:57,478
It was difficult to conceive
of such folks
going to war

1914
01:52:57,479 --> 01:52:59,760
or causing war to
break out over them."

1915
01:53:03,279 --> 01:53:04,740
Williams Shirer, correspondent

1916
01:53:04,741 --> 01:53:07,399
for the Columbia Broadcast
System in Berlin.

1917
01:53:10,159 --> 01:53:14,039
- [Voiceover] August the
13th 1939, Obersalzberg.

1918
01:53:14,920 --> 01:53:17,959
Paul-Otto Schmidt, interpreter
of Adolf Hitler.

1919
01:53:17,960 --> 01:53:20,520
"Hitler was completely
set on war."

1920
01:53:21,560 --> 01:53:23,800
- [Voiceover] "The British
are guilty of everything.

1921
01:53:23,801 --> 01:53:26,400
The Poles have a
serious lesson to learn.

1922
01:53:26,401 --> 01:53:28,660
The democracies are
inferior to Germany

1923
01:53:28,661 --> 01:53:30,000
and will never fight."

1924
01:53:30,680 --> 01:53:32,319
- [Voiceover] "Was
the recurring key note

1925
01:53:32,320 --> 01:53:34,239
of the German
dictator's speeches.

1926
01:53:39,000 --> 01:53:41,840
The next day, the Italian
Foreign Minister Ciano

1927
01:53:41,841 --> 01:53:43,439
was received at the Berghof.

1928
01:53:44,920 --> 01:53:47,599
Hitler spoke the following
sentence at this event."

1929
01:53:47,600 --> 01:53:49,039
- [Voiceover] "I
am firmly convinced

1930
01:53:49,040 --> 01:53:50,560
that neither England nor France

1931
01:53:50,561 --> 01:53:52,560
will enter into a general war."

1932
01:53:53,439 --> 01:53:56,319
(ominous music)

1933
01:54:00,079 --> 01:54:01,840
- [Narrator] On August the 19th,

1934
01:54:01,841 --> 01:54:04,259
Kathe and Erich
Heuser from Leipzig

1935
01:54:04,260 --> 01:54:07,439
begin their honeymoon with a
canoe trip on the Oder River

1936
01:54:07,440 --> 01:54:09,719
in Upper Silesian Raciborz.

1937
01:54:09,720 --> 01:54:11,479
They take Erich's camera.

1938
01:54:12,199 --> 01:54:16,118
For 12 days, the newlywed
Leipzigers paddle
down the Oder.

1939
01:54:16,119 --> 01:54:19,438
During this time, Adolf Hitler
propels the continent

1940
01:54:19,439 --> 01:54:20,920
into a world war.

1941
01:54:25,479 --> 01:54:29,959
- [Voiceover] Diary, Paris,
August the
19th 1939.

1942
01:54:29,960 --> 01:54:33,840
"Announcement of
a German-Russian
Nonaggression Pact."

1943
01:54:35,000 --> 01:54:36,520
Thea Sternheim.

1944
01:54:42,239 --> 01:54:44,800
- [Narrator] At the end of
July, on Hitler's approval,

1945
01:54:44,801 --> 01:54:46,520
Foreign Minister Von Ribbentrop

1946
01:54:46,521 --> 01:54:49,920
and State Secretary Von
Weizsaecker set the foundations

1947
01:54:49,921 --> 01:54:52,060
for an agreement with
the Soviet Union,

1948
01:54:52,061 --> 01:54:54,760
which also includes the
partitioning of Poland

1949
01:54:54,761 --> 01:54:56,480
and the Baltic states.

1950
01:54:56,481 --> 01:54:59,760
Hitler is in a hurry because
he believes autumn rains

1951
01:54:59,761 --> 01:55:02,840
will prevent a motorized
war in backward Poland.

1952
01:55:06,039 --> 01:55:07,860
- [Voiceover] "On
August the 19th,

1953
01:55:07,861 --> 01:55:10,580
Stalin accepted Hitler's
offer with both hands

1954
01:55:10,581 --> 01:55:13,099
after Hitler had suggested
splitting the Baltic

1955
01:55:13,100 --> 01:55:14,880
into spheres of influence.

1956
01:55:15,880 --> 01:55:18,839
I noted, but if Ribbentrop
travels to Moscow,

1957
01:55:18,840 --> 01:55:22,640
it means Russia is inviting
Hitler to invade Poland."

1958
01:55:25,359 --> 01:55:26,960
Ernst von Weizsaecker,

1959
01:55:26,961 --> 01:55:30,279
Secretary of State at the
Foreign Office, memoirs.

1960
01:55:35,479 --> 01:55:37,640
- [Voiceover] Telegram
to the German Chancellor,

1961
01:55:37,641 --> 01:55:39,078
Herr A. Hitler.

1962
01:55:39,079 --> 01:55:41,640
August the 21st 1939.

1963
01:55:42,800 --> 01:55:44,760
"I thank you for your letter.

1964
01:55:44,761 --> 01:55:47,319
I hope that the German-Soviet
Nonaggression Pact

1965
01:55:47,320 --> 01:55:50,179
will be a turning point
and a serious improvement

1966
01:55:50,180 --> 01:55:52,840
in political relations
between our countries."

1967
01:55:55,119 --> 01:55:56,600
J. Stalin.

1968
01:56:00,199 --> 01:56:01,840
- [Voiceover] Addressed to
the commanders
in chief

1969
01:56:01,841 --> 01:56:03,158
of the military,

1970
01:56:03,159 --> 01:56:05,639
August the 22nd 1939.

1971
01:56:05,640 --> 01:56:09,198
"It was becoming clear to me
that a dispute
with Poland

1972
01:56:09,199 --> 01:56:12,278
might take place at
an unfavorable time.

1973
01:56:12,279 --> 01:56:14,439
Here is the basis
for this finding.

1974
01:56:14,440 --> 01:56:17,919
It depends essentially
on me, on my existence,

1975
01:56:17,920 --> 01:56:19,680
on my political ability.

1976
01:56:19,681 --> 01:56:22,139
For it is a fact
that probably no one

1977
01:56:22,140 --> 01:56:23,399
will ever have the trust

1978
01:56:23,400 --> 01:56:25,759
of the entire German
people as I do.

1979
01:56:25,760 --> 01:56:28,800
In the future, there will
probably never be a man

1980
01:56:28,801 --> 01:56:30,660
who has more authority than I.

1981
01:56:30,661 --> 01:56:33,399
My presence, therefore,
is of great value,

1982
01:56:33,400 --> 01:56:35,439
but I can be eliminated any time

1983
01:56:35,440 --> 01:56:37,640
by a criminal or by an idiot."

1984
01:56:38,560 --> 01:56:39,760
Adolf Hitler.

1985
01:56:43,039 --> 01:56:44,720
- [Voiceover]
"Suffocatingly humid days

1986
01:56:44,721 --> 01:56:47,039
full of fear and expectations.

1987
01:56:48,840 --> 01:56:51,358
Very calm, now only a few cars,

1988
01:56:51,359 --> 01:56:54,438
but trains, trains
almost without a break,

1989
01:56:54,439 --> 01:56:55,880
whistling shrilly.

1990
01:56:56,560 --> 01:56:58,839
You can't do
anything, can't think,

1991
01:56:58,840 --> 01:57:02,920
can't feel anything
other than no war."

1992
01:57:05,439 --> 01:57:09,560
Marie Luise Kaschnitz,
author, notes.

1993
01:57:12,439 --> 01:57:15,780
- [Narrator] On August the
30th, Kathe and
Erich Heuser

1994
01:57:15,781 --> 01:57:17,640
reach the delta
of the Oder River

1995
01:57:17,641 --> 01:57:19,999
and Szczecin, the harbor.

1996
01:57:20,000 --> 01:57:22,339
Government cruise liners
are anchored here,

1997
01:57:22,340 --> 01:57:24,840
placed under the protection
of the Red Cross

1998
01:57:24,841 --> 01:57:26,359
as hospital ships.

1999
01:57:27,119 --> 01:57:30,319
Two days after the honeymooners
arrive in Szczecin,

2000
01:57:30,320 --> 01:57:32,238
the Second World War begins.

2001
01:57:32,239 --> 01:57:35,560
Erich Heuser becomes a soldier
on September
the 1st.

2002
01:57:39,560 --> 01:57:43,999
- [Voiceover] Diary, Wednesday,
August the 30th 1939.

2003
01:57:44,000 --> 01:57:47,038
"In the afternoon,
troops equipped for war

2004
01:57:47,039 --> 01:57:50,118
passed for hours
heading for the border.

2005
01:57:50,119 --> 01:57:53,119
Poland has declared
mobilization."

2006
01:57:54,640 --> 01:57:57,479
Henrietta Schneider,
East Prussia.

2007
01:58:02,039 --> 01:58:05,199
- [Voiceover] Private war
diary, General
Franz Halder.

2008
01:58:06,199 --> 01:58:09,239
"Demands of the Fuhrer on
the military leadership.

2009
01:58:09,240 --> 01:58:11,119
Destruction of Poland equals

2010
01:58:11,120 --> 01:58:13,359
elimination of its living power.

2011
01:58:13,360 --> 01:58:16,959
It is not about achieving a
specific line or
a new border,

2012
01:58:16,960 --> 01:58:19,199
but about destroying the enemy.

2013
01:58:20,039 --> 01:58:22,679
The means are of
little concern."

2014
01:58:22,680 --> 01:58:25,880
(people chattering)

2015
01:58:26,800 --> 01:58:28,359
- [Voiceover] "It is
disturbing to see the amount

2016
01:58:28,360 --> 01:58:31,000
of responsibility that
he bears and accepts."

2017
01:58:32,680 --> 01:58:36,239
Eduard Wagner.
(ominous music)

2018
01:58:42,079 --> 01:58:44,559
(gunfire banging)

2019
01:58:44,560 --> 01:58:45,800
- [Voiceover] Message
from Commander

2020
01:58:45,801 --> 01:58:47,039
of Westerplatte Peninsula

2021
01:58:47,040 --> 01:58:49,199
to Polish Navy
Headquarters in Gdynia,

2022
01:58:49,200 --> 01:58:52,479
September the 1st 1939, 4:50.

2023
01:58:55,159 --> 01:58:57,880
"At 4:45, the armored cruiser
Schleswig-Holstein

2024
01:58:57,881 --> 01:59:00,840
opened fire on the Westerplatte
with all its guns.

2025
01:59:01,840 --> 01:59:03,479
The barrage continues."

2026
01:59:04,600 --> 01:59:05,820
(gunfire banging)

2027
01:59:05,821 --> 01:59:08,680
Henrich Zukarski, Major
of the Polish Army.

2028
01:59:12,319 --> 01:59:15,959
- [Voiceover] Morning, 10:00
am, Reichstag session.

2029
01:59:15,960 --> 01:59:18,559
"Hitler appears deadly serious,

2030
01:59:18,560 --> 01:59:21,318
for the first time in
field gray uniform.

2031
01:59:21,319 --> 01:59:23,680
Members of Parliament
rise silently,

2032
01:59:23,681 --> 01:59:25,600
and Hitler speaks without notes,

2033
01:59:25,601 --> 01:59:28,199
describing the events
of the last days.

2034
01:59:29,159 --> 01:59:30,960
Then comes a sentence."

2035
01:59:30,961 --> 01:59:34,959
- [Voiceover] "Since 5:45 am,
we have been returning fire."

2036
01:59:34,960 --> 01:59:38,720
- [Voiceover] Rudolf Jordan,
provincial NSDAP leader.

2037
01:59:40,359 --> 01:59:42,399
- [Voiceover] Address
before the Reichstag,

2038
01:59:42,400 --> 01:59:45,198
September the 1st 1939.

2039
01:59:45,199 --> 01:59:47,479
"I have once more
put on that coat

2040
01:59:47,480 --> 01:59:49,839
that was most sacred
and dear to me.

2041
01:59:49,840 --> 01:59:53,478
I will not take it off again
until victory
is secured,

2042
01:59:53,479 --> 01:59:55,720
or I will not
survive the outcome."

2043
01:59:59,880 --> 02:00:01,399
- [Voiceover] "In
the early hours,

2044
02:00:01,400 --> 02:00:03,519
4:00 am of September the 3rd,

2045
02:00:03,520 --> 02:00:07,158
I was accordingly instructed
by His Majesty's government

2046
02:00:07,159 --> 02:00:08,600
to arrange for a meeting

2047
02:00:08,601 --> 02:00:11,440
with the Minister for Foreign
Affairs at
9:00 am.

2048
02:00:11,441 --> 02:00:13,900
I accordingly handed
the final ultimatum

2049
02:00:13,901 --> 02:00:16,580
from His Majesty's
government to Dr. Schmidt

2050
02:00:16,581 --> 02:00:18,279
at precisely 9:00 am,

2051
02:00:18,280 --> 02:00:21,400
pointing out that unless
satisfactory assurances

2052
02:00:21,401 --> 02:00:23,560
were received by His
Majesty's government

2053
02:00:23,561 --> 02:00:25,940
before 11:00 am
British summertime

2054
02:00:25,941 --> 02:00:29,399
of the suspension of all the
German forces
from Poland,

2055
02:00:29,400 --> 02:00:32,660
a state of war would exist
between our two countries

2056
02:00:32,661 --> 02:00:34,079
as from that hour."

2057
02:00:35,000 --> 02:00:37,479
Neville Henderson, British
Ambassador to Germany.

2058
02:00:38,359 --> 02:00:40,318
(bells tolling)

2059
02:00:40,319 --> 02:00:41,920
- [Voiceover] Paul-Otto Schmidt,

2060
02:00:41,921 --> 02:00:45,259
Chief Interpreter of the
Foreign Ministry, experiences.

2061
02:00:45,260 --> 02:00:47,680
"Then I took the ultimatum
to the Chancellery.

2062
02:00:47,681 --> 02:00:49,359
Hitler's most prominent people

2063
02:00:49,360 --> 02:00:52,520
were gathered in the room
in front of his office.

2064
02:00:52,521 --> 02:00:54,800
'What news?' asked
anxious voices.

2065
02:00:55,560 --> 02:00:57,940
I answered with a shrug,
'School's canceled, '

2066
02:00:57,941 --> 02:00:59,179
and entered the next room

2067
02:00:59,180 --> 02:01:01,020
where Hitler was
sitting at his desk,

2068
02:01:01,021 --> 02:01:03,039
while Ribbentrop
stood at the window.

2069
02:01:04,319 --> 02:01:06,760
I remained some distance
from Hitler's desk

2070
02:01:06,761 --> 02:01:08,460
and slowly translated
the ultimatum

2071
02:01:08,461 --> 02:01:09,720
of the British government.

2072
02:01:09,721 --> 02:01:12,179
When I finished, there
was total silence.

2073
02:01:12,180 --> 02:01:14,000
Hitler sat as though
turned to stone,

2074
02:01:14,001 --> 02:01:15,399
just looking straight ahead.

2075
02:01:15,400 --> 02:01:17,820
After a while, he
turned to Ribbentrop."

2076
02:01:17,821 --> 02:01:19,399
- [Voiceover] "What now?"

2077
02:01:20,239 --> 02:01:22,560
- [Voiceover] "Ribbentrop
replied with a
quiet voice."

2078
02:01:22,279 --> 02:01:24,039
- [Voiceover] "I suppose
the French will issue

2079
02:01:24,040 --> 02:01:26,118
an identical ultimatum
within the hour."

2080
02:01:26,119 --> 02:01:27,720
- [Voiceover] "As my
job was now finished,

2081
02:01:27,721 --> 02:01:29,880
I left and told those
waiting outside,

2082
02:01:29,881 --> 02:01:31,920
in two hours, a state
of war will exist

2083
02:01:31,921 --> 02:01:33,700
between England and Germany.

2084
02:01:33,701 --> 02:01:35,479
Goering turned to me and said."

2085
02:01:36,359 --> 02:01:38,039
- [Voiceover] "If
we lose this war,

2086
02:01:38,040 --> 02:01:40,199
then may heaven
have mercy on us."

2087
02:01:53,119 --> 02:01:55,880
(somber music)

2088
02:02:16,840 --> 02:02:21,319
- [Voiceover] War diary,
September the 13th 1939.

2089
02:02:22,079 --> 02:02:24,000
"The Fuhrer's
motorcade roared by.

2090
02:02:25,119 --> 02:02:26,639
We saw our Fuhrer.

2091
02:02:26,640 --> 02:02:28,319
He was going to
the front."

2092
02:02:29,960 --> 02:02:33,198
Gerhardt Ent,
soldier, Flensburg.

2093
02:02:33,199 --> 02:02:36,119
(crowd cheering)

2094
02:02:38,600 --> 02:02:40,799
- [Narrator] Some 16,000 members

2095
02:02:40,800 --> 02:02:42,960
of the German Armed Forces die,

2096
02:02:42,961 --> 02:02:47,319
and 30,000 are wounded in the
Polish campaign
of 1939.

2097
02:02:48,199 --> 02:02:50,959
Sources report 68,000 dead

2098
02:02:50,960 --> 02:02:55,118
and 130,000 wounded
on the Polish side.

2099
02:02:55,119 --> 02:02:58,158
Tens of thousands of Polish
civilians are killed

2100
02:02:58,159 --> 02:03:00,720
in the course of the
five-week conflict.

2101
02:03:02,439 --> 02:03:04,278
(fire crackling)

2102
02:03:04,279 --> 02:03:07,920
- [Voiceover] Diary,
September the 28th 1939.

2103
02:03:09,159 --> 02:03:11,318
"Warsaw has finally fallen.

2104
02:03:11,319 --> 02:03:13,800
Mountains of corpses
have to be removed.

2105
02:03:14,960 --> 02:03:17,060
The Russians are
marching into Poland

2106
02:03:17,061 --> 02:03:20,079
and are moving up to an
agreed demarcation line.

2107
02:03:20,640 --> 02:03:21,960
Scattered Polish divisions

2108
02:03:21,961 --> 02:03:24,479
are leading a heroic
desperate struggle."

2109
02:03:28,039 --> 02:03:32,199
Rudolf von Auvensladen,
Captain, 16th Tank Division.

2110
02:03:33,760 --> 02:03:35,040
(majestic music)

2111
02:03:35,041 --> 02:03:36,740
- [Voiceover] "The
next day in Warsaw,

2112
02:03:36,741 --> 02:03:38,800
troops paraded in
front of Hitler.

2113
02:03:38,801 --> 02:03:40,780
The Lantschner
brothers filmed him.

2114
02:03:40,781 --> 02:03:42,439
I was standing near Hitler

2115
02:03:42,440 --> 02:03:45,719
and saw how the troops looked
at him, mesmerized.

2116
02:03:45,720 --> 02:03:46,900
Without exception,

2117
02:03:46,901 --> 02:03:49,720
they appeared ready to
do anything for him.

2118
02:03:49,721 --> 02:03:53,159
If he were to give the order,
they would die
for him."

2119
02:03:55,079 --> 02:03:58,680
Leni Riefenstahl,
director and actress.

2120
02:04:07,680 --> 02:04:10,520
- [Voiceover] "Fuhrer spoke
at length and
in detail

2121
02:04:10,521 --> 02:04:12,640
about the ongoing incorporation

2122
02:04:12,641 --> 02:04:16,438
of the former provinces of
Posen and West Prussia.

2123
02:04:16,439 --> 02:04:19,679
The social strata thought
to be racially valuable

2124
02:04:19,680 --> 02:04:21,319
could be Germanized.

2125
02:04:22,279 --> 02:04:25,420
In principle, they would have
to look racially pure

2126
02:04:25,421 --> 02:04:28,039
and have the right
hereditary disposition.

2127
02:04:28,040 --> 02:04:31,438
A special cultural heritage
group would
be created.

2128
02:04:31,439 --> 02:04:34,719
Here, language would be the
most important factor.

2129
02:04:34,720 --> 02:04:38,020
He said he wasn't interested
in the Polish intelligentsia

2130
02:04:38,021 --> 02:04:41,039
as they were the supporters
of Polish nationalism."

2131
02:04:43,800 --> 02:04:46,959
Gerhard Engel, Army
Adjutant to Hitler,

2132
02:04:46,960 --> 02:04:48,800
memoirs in diary form.

2133
02:04:50,960 --> 02:04:53,000
- [Voiceover] "At
lunchtime on May the 9th,

2134
02:04:53,001 --> 02:04:55,179
we left Berlin in great secrecy

2135
02:04:55,180 --> 02:04:58,319
and traveled at first
light towards Hamburg.

2136
02:04:59,239 --> 02:05:02,640
Turned the train around and
arrived in Ahm
at 3:00 am.

2137
02:05:02,641 --> 02:05:04,660
Under a beautiful starry sky,

2138
02:05:04,661 --> 02:05:06,600
we went by car to
the command post

2139
02:05:06,601 --> 02:05:08,279
to the Fuhrer's headquarters,

2140
02:05:08,280 --> 02:05:11,039
the Felsennest or Rocky Eyrie."

2141
02:05:12,880 --> 02:05:15,679
Wilhelm Keitel,
Supreme High Commander

2142
02:05:15,680 --> 02:05:18,319
of the Armed Forces, memoirs.

2143
02:05:22,199 --> 02:05:26,358
"In the first armed forces
report at noon on
May the 10th,

2144
02:05:26,359 --> 02:05:28,319
I had recorded the sentence,

2145
02:05:28,320 --> 02:05:31,439
the Fuhrer has personally
taken over supreme command

2146
02:05:31,440 --> 02:05:34,358
of the German Army
operating in the west.

2147
02:05:34,359 --> 02:05:36,199
I wrestled with him
for half an hour

2148
02:05:36,200 --> 02:05:38,620
over the approval
of this publication.

2149
02:05:38,621 --> 02:05:41,159
He declared he wanted
to remain anonymous

2150
02:05:41,160 --> 02:05:44,060
and not diminish the
glory for the generals.

2151
02:05:44,061 --> 02:05:47,199
I did not let up, and
in the end, he gave in."

2152
02:05:51,039 --> 02:05:52,278
Wilhelm Keitel.

2153
02:05:52,279 --> 02:05:55,520
(people chattering)

2154
02:05:56,840 --> 02:05:58,319
- [Voiceover] "Hitler
took the credit

2155
02:05:58,320 --> 02:06:00,479
for the success of
the western campaign."

2156
02:06:03,279 --> 02:06:05,759
Albert Speer, memoirs.

2157
02:06:05,760 --> 02:06:08,560
(horn blaring)

2158
02:06:14,720 --> 02:06:19,639
- [Voiceover] Diary, Friday,
May the 10th 1940.

2159
02:06:19,640 --> 02:06:21,959
"Now the war has really begun.

2160
02:06:21,960 --> 02:06:25,840
Chamberlain has stepped down
and Churchill
replaced him.

2161
02:06:26,800 --> 02:06:30,920
One bad person's left, and
a much worse one
has come."

2162
02:06:33,000 --> 02:06:34,720
Henrietta Schneider.

2163
02:06:38,119 --> 02:06:39,358
(solemn music)

2164
02:06:39,359 --> 02:06:42,700
- [Voiceover] "Thus, then, on
the night of the 10th of May,

2165
02:06:42,701 --> 02:06:45,000
at the outset of
this mighty battle,

2166
02:06:45,001 --> 02:06:47,720
I acquired the chief
power in the state.

2167
02:06:48,920 --> 02:06:51,519
I cannot conceal
that I was conscious

2168
02:06:51,520 --> 02:06:53,640
of a profound sense of relief.

2169
02:06:54,479 --> 02:06:57,199
I felt as if I were
walking with destiny

2170
02:06:57,200 --> 02:07:00,839
and that all my past life
had been but a preparation

2171
02:07:00,840 --> 02:07:03,680
for this hour and
for this trial."

2172
02:07:06,640 --> 02:07:09,960
Winston Churchill,
"The Second World War."

2173
02:07:15,439 --> 02:07:18,358
- [Voiceover] May the 23rd 1940.

2174
02:07:18,359 --> 02:07:19,559
"We've done it.

2175
02:07:19,560 --> 02:07:22,219
The Air Force is destroying
the English on
the beach.

2176
02:07:22,220 --> 02:07:24,880
I was able to persuade
Hitler to stop the army.

2177
02:07:25,760 --> 02:07:28,520
The Fuhrer wants this to
be a lesson for them."

2178
02:07:30,800 --> 02:07:31,980
Hans Jeschonnek,

2179
02:07:31,981 --> 02:07:33,680
Chief of the General
Staff of the Air Force

2180
02:07:33,681 --> 02:07:37,000
to Erhard Milch, State
Secretary of the Aviation
Ministry.

2181
02:07:40,159 --> 02:07:42,238
(ominous music)

2182
02:07:42,239 --> 02:07:46,919
- [Voiceover] Diary, Friday,
June the 14th 1940.

2183
02:07:46,920 --> 02:07:49,759
"News at one o'clock at night.

2184
02:07:49,760 --> 02:07:53,278
Paris occupied by our
troops without a fight.

2185
02:07:53,279 --> 02:07:55,800
Flag raised for three days."

2186
02:07:57,800 --> 02:07:59,359
Henrietta Schneider.

2187
02:08:01,760 --> 02:08:04,038
(people chattering)

2188
02:08:04,039 --> 02:08:07,780
- [Voiceover] "France offered
a ceasefire on June the 17th.

2189
02:08:07,781 --> 02:08:11,199
I've never seen Hitler
as happy as on that day."

2190
02:08:13,279 --> 02:08:16,439
Heinz Linge, valet
to Adolf Hitler.

2191
02:08:20,520 --> 02:08:23,479
- [Voiceover] "France's peace
offer was submitted
to him

2192
02:08:23,480 --> 02:08:26,319
while he stood surrounded
by his officers.

2193
02:08:26,320 --> 02:08:29,020
He slapped his thigh
in a lively gesture.

2194
02:08:29,021 --> 02:08:31,199
We were to one side
and observed the scene

2195
02:08:31,200 --> 02:08:33,359
that Walter Frentz also filmed."

2196
02:08:35,840 --> 02:08:39,119
Christa Schroeder,
"He Was My Boss."

2197
02:08:43,560 --> 02:08:46,520
- [Voiceover] Heinrich
Hofmann, photographer.

2198
02:08:46,521 --> 02:08:50,318
"Keitel, who was carried away
by an outburst
of emotion,

2199
02:08:50,319 --> 02:08:51,940
coined the fatal phrase."

2200
02:08:51,941 --> 02:08:54,239
- [Voiceover] "My Fuhrer,
you are the greatest

2201
02:08:54,240 --> 02:08:56,680
military commander of all time."

2202
02:08:58,800 --> 02:09:01,720
(crowd cheering)

2203
02:09:03,000 --> 02:09:04,238
(stately music)

2204
02:09:04,239 --> 02:09:07,079
- [Voiceover] Franz Halder,
Chief of the General Staff.

2205
02:09:07,800 --> 02:09:10,719
"Part of Hitler's
growing self-deification

2206
02:09:10,720 --> 02:09:13,078
after the first
military successes

2207
02:09:13,079 --> 02:09:15,319
involve believing it himself."

2208
02:09:18,239 --> 02:09:19,679
(crowd cheering)

2209
02:09:19,680 --> 02:09:21,880
- [Voiceover] "Hitler was at
the height of
his power.

2210
02:09:21,881 --> 02:09:23,640
He was the master of Europe."

2211
02:09:26,000 --> 02:09:30,079
Gustaf Mannerheim, Field
Marshal of Finland.

2212
02:09:31,000 --> 02:09:32,520
(singing in foreign language)

2213
02:09:32,521 --> 02:09:35,259
- [Voiceover] "Germany had
air supremacy over Europe

2214
02:09:35,260 --> 02:09:38,680
An invasion of Great Britain
seemed to be in the offing."

2215
02:09:40,600 --> 02:09:42,680
Ernst von Weizsaecker.

2216
02:09:48,399 --> 02:09:50,740
- [Voiceover] "A stay of a few
days in the English capital

2217
02:09:50,741 --> 02:09:52,100
was all that was needed

2218
02:09:52,101 --> 02:09:54,600
to recognize the difference
between London
and Paris.

2219
02:09:55,560 --> 02:09:58,800
Here, no one was considering
capitulation."

2220
02:10:01,359 --> 02:10:04,720
Julius Deutsch, Austrian
Socialist of Jewish descent,

2221
02:10:04,721 --> 02:10:06,680
in exile, memoirs.

2222
02:10:10,359 --> 02:10:11,640
- [Voiceover] "It
was only after France

2223
02:10:11,641 --> 02:10:13,119
had been flattened out

2224
02:10:13,120 --> 02:10:16,198
that Britain, thanks to
her island advantage,

2225
02:10:16,199 --> 02:10:18,560
developed out of
the pangs of defeat

2226
02:10:18,561 --> 02:10:20,359
and the menace of annihilation

2227
02:10:21,359 --> 02:10:24,800
a national resolve equal
to that of Germany."

2228
02:10:27,960 --> 02:10:29,159
Winston Churchill.

2229
02:10:31,960 --> 02:10:33,399
(crowd cheering)

2230
02:10:33,400 --> 02:10:37,960
- [Voiceover] Diary, Saturday,
July the 20th 1940.

2231
02:10:39,239 --> 02:10:41,199
"Hitler spoke in the Reichstag.

2232
02:10:41,200 --> 02:10:43,600
Made an offer of
peace to England."

2233
02:10:44,800 --> 02:10:46,560
Henrietta Schneider.

2234
02:10:49,239 --> 02:10:51,279
- [Voiceover] Memoirs
in diary form,

2235
02:10:51,280 --> 02:10:54,640
November the 4th 1940,
Reich Chancellery.

2236
02:10:55,800 --> 02:10:58,239
"An unpleasant meeting
at headquarters

2237
02:10:58,240 --> 02:11:01,639
attended by Goering,
Von Brauchitsch, Keitel.

2238
02:11:01,640 --> 02:11:04,140
Due to English and
other press reports,

2239
02:11:04,141 --> 02:11:06,480
Fuhrer for the first
time doubts the successes

2240
02:11:06,481 --> 02:11:08,920
of the Luftwaffe and
the strike figures.

2241
02:11:09,640 --> 02:11:11,439
Fuhrer visibly depressed.

2242
02:11:12,680 --> 02:11:16,039
Have the impression that he
doesn't know how
to proceed."

2243
02:11:18,439 --> 02:11:19,880
Gerhard Engel.

2244
02:11:25,560 --> 02:11:28,079
- [Voiceover] The Fuhrer
and the Supreme Commander

2245
02:11:28,080 --> 02:11:29,540
of the German Army.

2246
02:11:29,541 --> 02:11:31,199
The Fuhrer Headquarters.

2247
02:11:31,200 --> 02:11:34,318
Absolutely top secret,
for officers only.

2248
02:11:34,319 --> 02:11:36,599
Nine copies, second copy.

2249
02:11:36,600 --> 02:11:40,198
Order number 21,
Operation Barbarossa.

2250
02:11:40,199 --> 02:11:42,960
"Even before the end of
the war against England

2251
02:11:42,961 --> 02:11:44,660
the German Army
has to be prepared

2252
02:11:44,661 --> 02:11:47,580
to overthrow Soviet Russia
in a quick campaign,

2253
02:11:47,581 --> 02:11:48,980
Operation Barbarossa.

2254
02:11:48,981 --> 02:11:51,319
The bulk of the Russian
Army in Western Russia

2255
02:11:51,320 --> 02:11:53,799
should be destroyed
in bold operations

2256
02:11:53,800 --> 02:11:55,560
via tank pincer movements

2257
02:11:55,561 --> 02:11:58,860
in order to prevent
the withdrawal of
strong combat units

2258
02:11:58,861 --> 02:12:01,720
into the expanses of
the Russian interior."

2259
02:12:03,399 --> 02:12:04,680
Adolf Hitler.

2260
02:12:08,560 --> 02:12:10,560
- [Voiceover] Memoirs
in diary form,

2261
02:12:10,561 --> 02:12:12,880
December the 18th 1940.

2262
02:12:15,119 --> 02:12:18,438
"The order for Barbarossa
has been issued.

2263
02:12:18,439 --> 02:12:21,879
The Army Supreme Commander
has ordered us
to find out

2264
02:12:21,880 --> 02:12:24,559
whether the Fuhrer
wants armed engagement

2265
02:12:24,560 --> 02:12:26,358
or is just bluffing.

2266
02:12:26,359 --> 02:12:28,359
In my opinion, Fuhrer himself

2267
02:12:28,360 --> 02:12:30,639
still doesn't know
how to proceed.

2268
02:12:30,640 --> 02:12:32,460
He hopes the English
will capitulate

2269
02:12:32,461 --> 02:12:35,359
and doesn't believe the
USA will enter the war."

2270
02:12:37,159 --> 02:12:38,520
Gerhard Engel.

2271
02:12:40,399 --> 02:12:42,118
(vehicles rumbling)

2272
02:12:42,119 --> 02:12:46,079
- [Voiceover] Diary, Monday,
June the 9th 1941.

2273
02:12:47,000 --> 02:12:49,358
"There's a big operation here.

2274
02:12:49,359 --> 02:12:52,278
The streets are full of
military of every kind

2275
02:12:52,279 --> 02:12:54,039
on their way to the border."

2276
02:12:56,920 --> 02:12:59,600
Henrietta Schneider,
East Prussia.

2277
02:13:02,479 --> 02:13:04,920
- [Voiceover] "When he decided
on the eastern campaign

2278
02:13:04,921 --> 02:13:06,919
in the summer of 1941,

2279
02:13:06,920 --> 02:13:09,379
he told Eva Braun he
had to travel to Berlin

2280
02:13:09,380 --> 02:13:10,640
for a few days."

2281
02:13:12,840 --> 02:13:13,920
Christa Schroeder.

2282
02:13:20,760 --> 02:13:22,238
(stirring music)

2283
02:13:22,239 --> 02:13:24,880
- [Voiceover] "When Adolf
heard the music
of Wagner,

2284
02:13:24,881 --> 02:13:26,480
he was transformed.

2285
02:13:26,481 --> 02:13:28,199
Then he lost his fierceness.

2286
02:13:28,200 --> 02:13:31,759
He became quiet,
flexible, manageable.

2287
02:13:31,760 --> 02:13:34,519
The unease disappeared
from his face.

2288
02:13:34,520 --> 02:13:37,920
What had moved him
during the day vanished."

2289
02:13:40,319 --> 02:13:42,760
August Kubizek,
childhood friend.

2290
02:13:45,359 --> 02:13:48,800
- [Voiceover] "Wagner's music
became second nature to him."

2291
02:13:51,119 --> 02:13:52,640
Ernst Hanfstaengl,

2292
02:13:52,641 --> 02:13:56,319
until 1937, Head of the NSDAP
Foreign Press Bureau.

2293
02:14:02,880 --> 02:14:05,840
- [Voiceover] "He loved the
Wagner opera
the most.

2294
02:14:05,841 --> 02:14:09,040
Other than that, symphonies
by Beethoven
and Bruckner

2295
02:14:09,041 --> 02:14:10,960
or songs by Richard Strauss.

2296
02:14:11,960 --> 02:14:13,760
Of the light
entertainment pieces,

2297
02:14:13,761 --> 02:14:17,198
he appreciated 'The Bat'
and 'The Merry Widow.'

2298
02:14:17,199 --> 02:14:19,639
Bormann proved his
musical knowledge

2299
02:14:19,640 --> 02:14:21,600
just by changing the records."

2300
02:14:24,119 --> 02:14:25,079
Heinrich Hoffmann.

2301
02:14:25,080 --> 02:14:26,999
(jaunty music)

2302
02:14:27,000 --> 02:14:30,959
(singing in foreign language)

2303
02:14:30,960 --> 02:14:33,600
- [Voiceover] "It was almost
always the same repertoire

2304
02:14:33,601 --> 02:14:35,079
that Hitler had them play.

2305
02:14:38,319 --> 02:14:40,680
The only popular
song Hitler allowed

2306
02:14:40,681 --> 02:14:42,679
was the 'Donkey Serenade, '

2307
02:14:42,680 --> 02:14:45,520
which often concluded
the concert."

2308
02:14:50,840 --> 02:14:54,199
Gertraud Traudl Junge,
Hitler's private secretary.

2309
02:14:57,600 --> 02:15:00,680
(triumphant music)

2310
02:15:09,079 --> 02:15:10,720
- [Voiceover] "You'll
be hearing that a lot

2311
02:15:10,721 --> 02:15:12,239
in the near future.

2312
02:15:12,240 --> 02:15:15,679
It'll be the victory fanfare
for our Russian campaign.

2313
02:15:15,680 --> 02:15:16,680
Very like it."

2314
02:15:18,600 --> 02:15:20,100
Adolf Hitler to Albert Speer,

2315
02:15:20,101 --> 02:15:22,039
after listening
to the first pass

2316
02:15:22,040 --> 02:15:24,199
of "Les Prelude" by Frans Liszt.

2317
02:15:24,200 --> 02:15:27,760
The Russian Fanfare,
June 21st 1941.

2318
02:15:31,279 --> 02:15:34,559
(birds chirping)

2319
02:15:34,560 --> 02:15:39,278
- [Voiceover] Diary, Saturday,
June the 21st 1941.

2320
02:15:39,279 --> 02:15:41,960
"Wild rumors are coming
from the border."

2321
02:15:43,720 --> 02:15:45,559
Henrietta Schneider.

2322
02:15:45,560 --> 02:15:47,478
(foreboding music)

2323
02:15:47,479 --> 02:15:49,960
- [Voiceover] War diary
of the Army Group North,

2324
02:15:49,961 --> 02:15:52,800
June the 22nd 1941.

2325
02:15:53,640 --> 02:15:56,599
"Beginning of the
invasion, 3:05 am.

2326
02:15:56,600 --> 02:15:59,840
The entire front of the army
group crossed
the border."

2327
02:16:02,800 --> 02:16:05,199
Robert Freiherr von
Griessenbach, Major.

2328
02:16:08,920 --> 02:16:11,239
- [Voiceover] "Is
he mad, this Hitler?

2329
02:16:12,560 --> 02:16:15,279
He could have allied himself
with England's Chamberlain

2330
02:16:15,280 --> 02:16:17,398
against Communist Russia

2331
02:16:17,399 --> 02:16:18,680
or with Communist Russia

2332
02:16:18,681 --> 02:16:21,559
against the Anglo-Saxon
capitalist world.

2333
02:16:21,560 --> 02:16:23,039
But he invaded both.

2334
02:16:24,359 --> 02:16:27,680
Yes, he is mad,
thank God."

2335
02:16:29,199 --> 02:16:32,120
Klaus Mann, "A Life's Report."

2336
02:16:35,120 --> 02:16:38,798
(people chattering)

2337
02:16:38,799 --> 02:16:40,239
- [Voiceover] Christa Schroeder.

2338
02:16:40,799 --> 02:16:43,279
"It all began so promisingly.

2339
02:16:43,280 --> 02:16:46,040
In the first two days
in the Wolfsschanze,

2340
02:16:46,041 --> 02:16:48,220
we experienced the
boss standing in front

2341
02:16:48,221 --> 02:16:49,879
of a large map of Europe

2342
02:16:49,880 --> 02:16:52,039
and pointing to Moscow, saying.

2343
02:16:52,040 --> 02:16:54,440
- [Voiceover] "In a few weeks,
we'll be in Moscow.

2344
02:16:54,441 --> 02:16:56,099
There's no doubt about that.

2345
02:16:56,100 --> 02:16:58,719
And then I'll raze
Moscow to the ground.

2346
02:16:58,720 --> 02:17:00,639
I'll build a reservoir there.

2347
02:17:00,640 --> 02:17:03,559
The name Moscow has to
be erased completely."

2348
02:17:16,440 --> 02:17:17,840
- [Voiceover] Wilhelm Keitel,

2349
02:17:17,841 --> 02:17:19,719
Chief of the Armed
Forces High Command,

2350
02:17:19,720 --> 02:17:21,799
to Field Marshal Fedor von Bock

2351
02:17:21,800 --> 02:17:24,479
on July the 25th 1941.

2352
02:17:25,639 --> 02:17:27,440
"The speedy collapse of Russia

2353
02:17:27,441 --> 02:17:29,440
is vital for German interests

2354
02:17:29,441 --> 02:17:31,999
since Russia cannot
be subjugated.

2355
02:17:32,000 --> 02:17:34,620
The Fuhrer was concerned
about this situation

2356
02:17:34,621 --> 02:17:35,958
and asked worriedly."

2357
02:17:35,959 --> 02:17:37,680
- [Voiceover] "How much
time do I have left

2358
02:17:37,681 --> 02:17:39,020
to finish off Russia,

2359
02:17:39,021 --> 02:17:41,200
and how much time
do I still need?"

2360
02:17:43,000 --> 02:17:45,920
(crowd cheering)

2361
02:17:46,920 --> 02:17:51,119
- [Voiceover] Russia, Army
Group South, letter, 1941.

2362
02:17:51,120 --> 02:17:52,478
"It is our war,

2363
02:17:52,479 --> 02:17:56,260
not as the enemy propaganda
likes to call it,
Hitler's war.

2364
02:17:56,261 --> 02:17:58,879
They don't know that
Hitler is one of us,

2365
02:17:58,880 --> 02:18:00,398
a soldier like us.

2366
02:18:00,399 --> 02:18:03,919
We know that he would do
everything in his
power for us.

2367
02:18:03,920 --> 02:18:06,039
That gives us unlimited trust.

2368
02:18:06,040 --> 02:18:08,420
The Fuhrer leaves no
comrade in the lurch,

2369
02:18:08,421 --> 02:18:09,799
and when he doesn't help,

2370
02:18:09,800 --> 02:18:12,559
it's because there was
something more important."

2371
02:18:14,280 --> 02:18:17,239
Horst Rocholl, regimental
doctor from Kassel.

2372
02:18:18,040 --> 02:18:20,119
(wind howling)

2373
02:18:20,120 --> 02:18:24,520
- [Voiceover] Diary, October
the 10th 1941,
11:30 pm.

2374
02:18:25,959 --> 02:18:27,839
"It's snowing in Russia now,

2375
02:18:27,840 --> 02:18:30,398
something we can't
deal with well."

2376
02:18:30,399 --> 02:18:32,599
(soldiers laughing)

2377
02:18:32,600 --> 02:18:35,280
Eduard Wagner,
Quartermaster General.

2378
02:18:37,440 --> 02:18:38,638
(solemn music)

2379
02:18:38,639 --> 02:18:41,540
- [Voiceover] "There is a
winter, you know,
in Russia.

2380
02:18:41,541 --> 02:18:42,799
For a good many months,

2381
02:18:42,800 --> 02:18:45,839
the temperature is
apt to fall very low.

2382
02:18:45,840 --> 02:18:49,439
There is snow, there
is frost, and all that.

2383
02:18:49,440 --> 02:18:52,080
Hitler forgot about
this Russian winter.

2384
02:18:52,081 --> 02:18:54,958
He must have been
very loosely educated.

2385
02:18:54,959 --> 02:18:59,360
We all heard about it at
school, but he
forgot it."

2386
02:19:01,520 --> 02:19:03,079
Winston Churchill.

2387
02:19:04,200 --> 02:19:08,639
- [Voiceover] Diary, Thursday,
December the
11th 1941.

2388
02:19:10,559 --> 02:19:12,960
"Around three o'clock we
listened to the Fuhrer

2389
02:19:12,961 --> 02:19:14,280
from the Reichstag.

2390
02:19:14,840 --> 02:19:17,740
The war with America
is also official now.

2391
02:19:17,741 --> 02:19:21,280
The Fuhrer will make sure
everything turns
out well."

2392
02:19:23,639 --> 02:19:25,280
Henrietta Schneider.

2393
02:19:28,520 --> 02:19:30,200
- [Voiceover] "When
the German Army,

2394
02:19:30,201 --> 02:19:33,359
surprised by the terrible
winter of 1941-42,

2395
02:19:33,360 --> 02:19:36,039
got stuck in the
Russian ice and snow,

2396
02:19:36,040 --> 02:19:38,319
Hitler was frequently depressed.

2397
02:19:39,399 --> 02:19:42,519
But as before, he hoped
for a quick victory."

2398
02:19:42,520 --> 02:19:44,540
- [Voiceover] "There is
only a very thin veil

2399
02:19:44,541 --> 02:19:46,120
that we have to penetrate.

2400
02:19:46,760 --> 02:19:48,478
We have to be patient.

2401
02:19:48,479 --> 02:19:51,120
The Russian resistance
will not hold."

2402
02:19:52,440 --> 02:19:53,399
(gun bangs)

2403
02:19:53,400 --> 02:19:55,040
- [Voiceover] Christa Schroeder.

2404
02:19:59,159 --> 02:20:02,000
- [Voiceover] "On December the
17th, I visited the generals

2405
02:20:02,001 --> 02:20:04,999
commanding the 14th
and 47th Tank Corps,

2406
02:20:05,000 --> 02:20:07,180
as well as the
Seventh Army Corps

2407
02:20:07,181 --> 02:20:10,079
to again learn about the
condition of the troops.

2408
02:20:11,280 --> 02:20:12,740
The three generals reported

2409
02:20:12,741 --> 02:20:14,840
that the troops were
beginning to have doubts

2410
02:20:14,841 --> 02:20:16,638
about the high command.

2411
02:20:16,639 --> 02:20:19,479
Black ice making all
movement difficult.

2412
02:20:20,479 --> 02:20:23,679
The Russians are prepared
and equipped for winter,

2413
02:20:23,680 --> 02:20:25,120
and we have nothing."

2414
02:20:27,600 --> 02:20:30,079
Heinz Guderian, Colonel General.

2415
02:20:33,159 --> 02:20:34,999
(wind howling)

2416
02:20:35,000 --> 02:20:37,280
- [Voiceover] Franz
Halder, war diary,

2417
02:20:37,281 --> 02:20:40,639
December the 17th 1941.

2418
02:20:41,559 --> 02:20:44,239
"Midnight, summoned
to the Fuhrer."

2419
02:20:45,440 --> 02:20:48,120
- [Voiceover] "Disengagement
is out of the question.

2420
02:20:48,121 --> 02:20:51,599
The enemy has only made deep
incursions in
a few places.

2421
02:20:51,600 --> 02:20:54,260
Setting up a rear
echelon is illusionary.

2422
02:20:54,261 --> 02:20:56,959
The front is suffering
in only one respect.

2423
02:20:56,960 --> 02:20:58,780
The enemy has more soldiers.

2424
02:20:58,781 --> 02:21:00,180
He has no more artillery.

2425
02:21:00,181 --> 02:21:02,040
He is much worse
off than we are."

2426
02:21:09,000 --> 02:21:11,799
- [Voiceover] Adolf Hitler,
oral order to Army
Group Center,

2427
02:21:11,800 --> 02:21:14,040
December the 16th 1941.

2428
02:21:15,239 --> 02:21:17,500
"Commanders, unit
leaders, and officers,

2429
02:21:17,501 --> 02:21:20,040
I had to take personal
steps to force troops

2430
02:21:20,041 --> 02:21:23,400
to engage in fanatical
resistance to hold
their position

2431
02:21:23,401 --> 02:21:25,360
without regard to
enemy breakthroughs

2432
02:21:25,361 --> 02:21:27,120
on the frank or in the rear.

2433
02:21:27,121 --> 02:21:28,719
Only with this kind of warfare

2434
02:21:28,720 --> 02:21:30,360
can we gain the time necessary

2435
02:21:30,361 --> 02:21:33,140
to get reinforcements from
the homeland and the west

2436
02:21:33,141 --> 02:21:34,760
that I have ordered."

2437
02:21:34,761 --> 02:21:36,280
(gunfire rattling)

2438
02:21:36,281 --> 02:21:40,079
- [Voiceover] Diary,
January the 11th 1942.

2439
02:21:41,040 --> 02:21:44,159
"How meek our military
communiques have become."

2440
02:21:46,159 --> 02:21:50,079
Friedrich Kellner, court
employee, Laubach, Hesse.

2441
02:21:50,680 --> 02:21:53,920
(explosion banging)

2442
02:21:56,120 --> 02:21:57,520
- [Voiceover] "But
the burden of work

2443
02:21:57,521 --> 02:21:58,679
and increasing concerns

2444
02:21:58,680 --> 02:22:00,820
from setbacks in the
course of the war

2445
02:22:00,821 --> 02:22:02,440
eroded Hitler's health.

2446
02:22:03,680 --> 02:22:07,359
From the winter of
1941-1942 onwards,

2447
02:22:07,360 --> 02:22:09,878
Morell monitored
him day and night.

2448
02:22:09,879 --> 02:22:13,080
In the end, Hitler began
having mysterious injections

2449
02:22:13,081 --> 02:22:14,479
almost every day."

2450
02:22:16,840 --> 02:22:18,280
Christa Schroeder.

2451
02:22:21,799 --> 02:22:25,840
- [Voiceover] Diary, Berlin,
March the 3rd 1942.

2452
02:22:27,959 --> 02:22:29,920
"The hallmarks of the situation.

2453
02:22:29,921 --> 02:22:32,920
Further erosion of the
German forces in Russia.

2454
02:22:32,921 --> 02:22:34,679
Slow further deterioration

2455
02:22:34,680 --> 02:22:37,600
of the economic and food
situations in Germany."

2456
02:22:39,520 --> 02:22:40,780
Ulrich von Hassell,

2457
02:22:40,781 --> 02:22:43,399
diplomat and member of
the German Resistance.

2458
02:22:44,399 --> 02:22:46,239
- [Voiceover] From
Rostov-on-Don.

2459
02:22:46,240 --> 02:22:49,200
"Several waves of retreat
roll through our area

2460
02:22:49,201 --> 02:22:51,318
in this summer of 1942.

2461
02:22:51,319 --> 02:22:54,279
The oil tanks are opened.
Wheat fields torched,

2462
02:22:54,280 --> 02:22:57,680
all so that they wouldn't fall
into the hands of the enemy.

2463
02:23:01,200 --> 02:23:05,878
On August the 3rd 1942, German
scouts surface on motorbikes.

2464
02:23:05,879 --> 02:23:10,238
Within three days, German
troops moved into Privolnoye.

2465
02:23:10,239 --> 02:23:12,079
Soviet troops are scattered.

2466
02:23:14,719 --> 02:23:17,159
But beyond Nalchik,
barrier units worked

2467
02:23:17,160 --> 02:23:21,199
to carry out Order
Number 227 from Stalin.

2468
02:23:21,200 --> 02:23:23,079
'Not one step back.'"

2469
02:23:24,840 --> 02:23:27,159
Mikhail Gorbachev, schoolboy.

2470
02:23:33,040 --> 02:23:37,760
- [Voiceover] War diary, July
the 30th 1942,
Day 404.

2471
02:23:39,559 --> 02:23:42,878
"In the bow of the River
Don, west of Stalingrad,

2472
02:23:42,879 --> 02:23:45,238
the Sixth Army of Army Group B

2473
02:23:45,239 --> 02:23:47,280
is engaged in a fierce battle,

2474
02:23:47,281 --> 02:23:50,280
and the situation is
at present unclear."

2475
02:23:52,959 --> 02:23:54,399
Franz Halder.

2476
02:23:59,479 --> 02:24:02,000
- [Voiceover] "I wanted
to come to the Volga,

2477
02:24:02,001 --> 02:24:05,200
to a specific place
and a specific city."

2478
02:24:06,239 --> 02:24:08,360
Adolf Hitler, addressed to
the traditional gathering

2479
02:24:08,361 --> 02:24:10,360
in the Munich Burgerbraukeller,

2480
02:24:10,361 --> 02:24:12,479
November the 9th 1942.

2481
02:24:15,600 --> 02:24:18,840
(people chattering)

2482
02:24:19,840 --> 02:24:21,479
- [Voiceover] "On
September the 11th,

2483
02:24:21,480 --> 02:24:22,680
I was ordered to report

2484
02:24:22,681 --> 02:24:24,879
to the front line
staff under Khrushchev.

2485
02:24:25,680 --> 02:24:28,638
They told me to take
over the 62nd Army.

2486
02:24:28,639 --> 02:24:31,919
My orders were
defend Stalingrad.

2487
02:24:31,920 --> 02:24:33,600
After I accepted the order,

2488
02:24:33,601 --> 02:24:36,719
Nikita Khrushchev asked me,
'How do you
see this?'

2489
02:24:36,720 --> 02:24:39,460
I said, 'I understand
the order very well.

2490
02:24:39,461 --> 02:24:40,959
I try to carry it out.

2491
02:24:40,960 --> 02:24:44,799
Either I defend Stalingrad
or I die doing so.'

2492
02:24:45,600 --> 02:24:48,719
I got in the car and
drove to Stalingrad."

2493
02:24:50,639 --> 02:24:53,439
Vasily Chuikov,
Lieutenant General,

2494
02:24:53,440 --> 02:24:55,600
"The Stalingrad Protocols."

2495
02:24:57,440 --> 02:24:58,679
(men laughing)

2496
02:24:58,680 --> 02:25:01,120
- [Voiceover] "The high point
of the war had been reached.

2497
02:25:01,121 --> 02:25:05,078
Something unimaginable
overpowered the wildest dreams.

2498
02:25:05,079 --> 02:25:08,439
The North Cape, Pyrenees,
Sahara, and Volga

2499
02:25:08,440 --> 02:25:11,000
formed the boundaries
of a sphere of influence

2500
02:25:11,001 --> 02:25:12,239
created overnight.

2501
02:25:15,639 --> 02:25:17,440
For sure there were
bigger empires,

2502
02:25:17,441 --> 02:25:20,040
but this one included
Europe and its nations.

2503
02:25:20,041 --> 02:25:21,959
There was no reason for joy.

2504
02:25:22,639 --> 02:25:24,160
You knew what lay ahead for us

2505
02:25:24,161 --> 02:25:27,319
because the disproportion
of forces was obvious."

2506
02:25:30,040 --> 02:25:33,680
Rudolf von Auvensladen,
Army Captain, diary.

2507
02:25:36,399 --> 02:25:38,279
(gunfire rattling)

2508
02:25:38,280 --> 02:25:40,820
- [Voiceover] "We knew
that Hitler wouldn't stop

2509
02:25:40,821 --> 02:25:43,420
and would keep throwing
military forces
at the front.

2510
02:25:43,421 --> 02:25:45,700
But he sensed that it
was not a battle for life

2511
02:25:45,701 --> 02:25:48,840
being fought here, but rather
a battle to
the death."

2512
02:25:52,120 --> 02:25:53,478
Vasily Chuikov.

2513
02:25:53,479 --> 02:25:56,600
(gunfire rattling)

2514
02:25:58,680 --> 02:26:00,719
- [Voiceover] "I feel
entitled to demand

2515
02:26:00,720 --> 02:26:03,879
that every German soldier
should sacrifice
his life."

2516
02:26:06,159 --> 02:26:07,520
Adolf Hitler to Heinz Guderian

2517
02:26:07,521 --> 02:26:10,959
on December the
20th 1940, 3:30 pm.

2518
02:26:16,959 --> 02:26:21,319
- [Voiceover] Diary, Sunday,
November the
8th 1942.

2519
02:26:22,280 --> 02:26:25,440
"The Fuhrer spoke from the
Munich Hofbraeukeller.

2520
02:26:26,879 --> 02:26:29,399
He laid into the
war criminals again.

2521
02:26:30,399 --> 02:26:33,559
The Americans landed in
Algiers during
the night."

2522
02:26:34,719 --> 02:26:36,120
Henrietta Schneider.

2523
02:26:37,719 --> 02:26:39,399
- [Voiceover] Dr. Theo Morell,

2524
02:26:39,400 --> 02:26:42,039
Adolf Hitler's
personal physician.

2525
02:26:42,040 --> 02:26:46,599
Diary, December the 15th 1942.

2526
02:26:46,600 --> 02:26:48,039
"Patient day.

2527
02:26:48,040 --> 02:26:51,399
Sleeping badly because of
the military situation.

2528
02:26:52,280 --> 02:26:53,360
Profundol."

2529
02:26:55,879 --> 02:26:56,958
(wind howling)

2530
02:26:56,959 --> 02:26:58,360
- [Voiceover] "Up
until the very end,

2531
02:26:58,120 --> 02:26:59,680
the soldiers believed
Hitler's promise

2532
02:26:59,681 --> 02:27:02,120
that he would get them
out of the encirclement.

2533
02:27:02,121 --> 02:27:04,280
I knew that this
was a terrible lie."

2534
02:27:06,280 --> 02:27:09,679
Bernd Freytag von
Loringhoven, Major,

2535
02:27:09,680 --> 02:27:11,959
flown out of the
Stalingrad siege.

2536
02:27:13,520 --> 02:27:14,599
(gunfire rattling)

2537
02:27:14,600 --> 02:27:16,280
- [Voiceover]
Interrogation protocol

2538
02:27:16,281 --> 02:27:18,520
of prisoner Hermann Strotmann,

2539
02:27:19,280 --> 02:27:21,479
Lieutenant Adjutant
of the First Battalion

2540
02:27:21,480 --> 02:27:24,318
of the 79th
Panzergrenadier Regiment,

2541
02:27:24,319 --> 02:27:28,199
born 1918 in Muenster, Catholic.

2542
02:27:28,200 --> 02:27:30,920
"Men reached the limits
of their endurance,

2543
02:27:30,921 --> 02:27:34,000
and this limit was reached
on February the 2nd.

2544
02:27:34,920 --> 02:27:36,919
We surrendered spontaneously.

2545
02:27:36,920 --> 02:27:38,740
Around six o'clock
in the morning,

2546
02:27:38,741 --> 02:27:41,399
I was told that Russian
tanks had arrived.

2547
02:27:45,399 --> 02:27:48,519
I began to cry, walked
out of the shelter,

2548
02:27:48,520 --> 02:27:50,479
and laid down my weapon."

2549
02:27:56,319 --> 02:27:59,280
(menacing music)

2550
02:28:11,719 --> 02:28:13,120
- [Voiceover] "At what
point is one allowed

2551
02:28:13,121 --> 02:28:14,639
to view the war as lost?

2552
02:28:15,360 --> 02:28:17,959
As I see it, very late."

2553
02:28:19,239 --> 02:28:21,639
Albert Speer, "The
Kransberg Protocols."

2554
02:28:51,920 --> 02:28:53,440
- [Voiceover] "His
mother went to Mass

2555
02:28:53,441 --> 02:28:55,560
with little Paula every Sunday.

2556
02:28:55,561 --> 02:28:57,559
I can't recall that
Adolf accompanied

2557
02:28:57,560 --> 02:28:59,680
his mother to
church once."

2558
02:29:01,520 --> 02:29:06,000
August Kubizek, childhood
friend of Adolf Hitler
in Linz.

2559
02:29:09,799 --> 02:29:12,600
- [Voiceover] "Hitler had
no emotional connection

2560
02:29:12,601 --> 02:29:13,839
to the church.

2561
02:29:13,840 --> 02:29:16,639
He thought the Christian
religion was an outdated,

2562
02:29:16,640 --> 02:29:20,120
hypocritical, people-ensnaring
institution."

2563
02:29:21,520 --> 02:29:24,319
Christa Schroeder, Hitler's
private secretary.

2564
02:29:26,239 --> 02:29:28,799
- [Voiceover] "If the people
think I'm a religious man,

2565
02:29:28,800 --> 02:29:30,360
that cannot hurt."

2566
02:29:32,120 --> 02:29:35,360
Adolf Hitler to photographer
Heinrich Hoffmann.

2567
02:29:37,079 --> 02:29:38,158
(crowd cheering)

2568
02:29:38,159 --> 02:29:39,840
- [Voiceover] "I can
say with certainty

2569
02:29:39,841 --> 02:29:41,540
that even before my departure,

2570
02:29:41,541 --> 02:29:43,239
I learned about
Hitler's intention

2571
02:29:43,240 --> 02:29:46,260
to liquidate patients
with incurable diseases,

2572
02:29:46,261 --> 02:29:49,958
not only incurable mental
patients, in the
event of war.

2573
02:29:49,959 --> 02:29:52,000
His reasoning was
that these would be

2574
02:29:52,001 --> 02:29:54,000
unnecessary mouths to feed."

2575
02:29:54,959 --> 02:29:57,279
Fritz Wiedemann,
personal adjutant

2576
02:29:57,280 --> 02:29:59,638
of the NSDAP to Adolf Hitler

2577
02:29:59,639 --> 02:30:02,359
until January the 19th 1939.

2578
02:30:02,360 --> 02:30:04,359
(projector rattling)

2579
02:30:04,360 --> 02:30:06,719
- [Voiceover] Memoirs
in diary form,

2580
02:30:06,720 --> 02:30:09,079
August the 8th 1939.

2581
02:30:10,239 --> 02:30:12,559
"Today we witnessed
something cruel.

2582
02:30:12,560 --> 02:30:14,759
Bouhler and Bormann
showed Hitler

2583
02:30:14,760 --> 02:30:17,799
the euthanasia film,
'Unworthy Life.'

2584
02:30:19,879 --> 02:30:22,120
It deals with the
life and behavior

2585
02:30:22,121 --> 02:30:25,560
of incurable mental patients
in a number of sanatoriums.

2586
02:30:25,561 --> 02:30:27,799
There was a long
discussion afterwards.

2587
02:30:28,520 --> 02:30:31,398
The Fuhrer had a
really harsh attitude.

2588
02:30:31,399 --> 02:30:33,080
If he had such a child,

2589
02:30:33,081 --> 02:30:35,560
he would request that it
be put out of its misery,

2590
02:30:35,561 --> 02:30:38,239
not least for the sake
of fellow humans."

2591
02:30:40,600 --> 02:30:43,319
Gerhard Engel, Army
Adjutant to Hitler.

2592
02:30:46,399 --> 02:30:48,680
- [Narrator] For many of
Adolf Hitler's crimes,

2593
02:30:48,681 --> 02:30:50,200
no documents exist

2594
02:30:50,201 --> 02:30:53,478
that verify his direct and
immediate responsibility.

2595
02:30:53,479 --> 02:30:56,239
It is different with the
centrally organized killing

2596
02:30:56,240 --> 02:31:00,200
of the mentally handicapped,
referred to as euthanasia.

2597
02:31:01,159 --> 02:31:03,999
Some time in early October 1939,

2598
02:31:04,000 --> 02:31:06,679
Adolf Hitler signs
a backdated order

2599
02:31:06,680 --> 02:31:10,398
for September the 1st, the day
of the start
of the war.

2600
02:31:10,399 --> 02:31:13,359
With his signature, he
authorizes Philipp Bouhler,

2601
02:31:13,360 --> 02:31:15,420
the Chief of the
Fuhrer's Chancellery,

2602
02:31:15,421 --> 02:31:18,760
and Hitler's young personal
physician, Karl Brandt.

2603
02:31:20,079 --> 02:31:22,400
- [Voiceover] "Reichsleiter
Bouhler and
Dr. Brandt

2604
02:31:22,401 --> 02:31:24,400
are entrusted with
the responsibility

2605
02:31:24,401 --> 02:31:26,719
of extending the
authority of physicians

2606
02:31:26,720 --> 02:31:29,860
so that patients who, on the
basis of human judgment,

2607
02:31:29,861 --> 02:31:31,520
are considered incurable

2608
02:31:31,521 --> 02:31:36,039
can be accorded mercy killing
after a definitive diagnosis."

2609
02:31:36,040 --> 02:31:37,600
Adolf Hitler.

2610
02:31:41,559 --> 02:31:43,879
- [Voiceover] "One day, we
were surprised
by a report

2611
02:31:43,880 --> 02:31:46,979
that a euthanasia operation
was underway
in Swabia.

2612
02:31:46,980 --> 02:31:48,600
Family members
received the ashes

2613
02:31:48,601 --> 02:31:51,000
with the official notice
that the beloved deceased

2614
02:31:51,001 --> 02:31:54,120
had unfortunately died quite
suddenly of pneumonia

2615
02:31:54,121 --> 02:31:56,120
or from an infectious disease.

2616
02:31:57,280 --> 02:31:59,620
Through faulty communication
of such condolences

2617
02:31:59,621 --> 02:32:01,979
and sometimes double
deliveries of urns,

2618
02:32:01,980 --> 02:32:05,360
unrest was created among the
population and
the clergy."

2619
02:32:08,000 --> 02:32:12,318
Reinhard Spitzy, Austrian
member of the SS
and NSDAP.

2620
02:32:12,319 --> 02:32:15,440
(people chattering)

2621
02:32:18,159 --> 02:32:19,399
- [Narrator] The
Bishop of Muenster,

2622
02:32:19,400 --> 02:32:21,560
Clemens August Graf von Galen,

2623
02:32:21,561 --> 02:32:25,360
finds the courage to deliver
a frank opinion
in public.

2624
02:32:26,479 --> 02:32:27,979
(church bell ringing)

2625
02:32:27,980 --> 02:32:30,879
- [Voiceover] Sermon in St.
Lambert's Church, Muenster,

2626
02:32:30,880 --> 02:32:33,000
August the 3rd 1941.

2627
02:32:34,000 --> 02:32:38,478
"So now we must expect that
poor, defenseless,
sick people

2628
02:32:38,479 --> 02:32:40,600
will be killed sooner or later.

2629
02:32:41,600 --> 02:32:44,679
Do you or do I only
have the right to live

2630
02:32:44,680 --> 02:32:48,679
as long as we are recognized
as productive
by others?

2631
02:32:48,680 --> 02:32:50,060
If it is legitimate

2632
02:32:50,061 --> 02:32:52,280
to kill unproductive
members of the community,

2633
02:32:52,281 --> 02:32:56,000
then woe betide our
brave soldiers who
return home from war

2634
02:32:56,001 --> 02:32:59,238
with serious battle
wounds as invalids.

2635
02:32:59,239 --> 02:33:01,560
If the principle
that man is entitled

2636
02:33:01,561 --> 02:33:03,879
to kill his
unproductive fellow man

2637
02:33:03,880 --> 02:33:05,839
is established and applied,

2638
02:33:05,840 --> 02:33:07,558
then woe betide all of us

2639
02:33:07,559 --> 02:33:11,360
when we become aged
and thus unproductive."

2640
02:33:13,479 --> 02:33:17,120
Clemens August Graf von Galen,
Bishop of Muenster.

2641
02:33:21,719 --> 02:33:23,639
- [Narrator] Von
Galen's brave protest

2642
02:33:23,640 --> 02:33:28,039
is based on concrete critical
points and is successful.

2643
02:33:28,040 --> 02:33:30,479
The conflict between
the Hitler regime,

2644
02:33:30,480 --> 02:33:33,520
the Bishop of Muenster,
and other public critics

2645
02:33:33,521 --> 02:33:35,280
is settled only partially.

2646
02:33:36,200 --> 02:33:39,400
Hitler suspends the largest
part of the euthanasia program

2647
02:33:39,401 --> 02:33:41,000
for more than a year

2648
02:33:41,001 --> 02:33:44,439
after more than 70,000
people had been killed.

2649
02:33:44,440 --> 02:33:46,240
In less conspicuous forms,

2650
02:33:46,241 --> 02:33:48,719
the euthanasia program
was reintroduced

2651
02:33:48,720 --> 02:33:50,740
to sanatoriums and nursing homes

2652
02:33:50,741 --> 02:33:53,200
and practiced right up
to the end of the war.

2653
02:33:58,760 --> 02:34:00,479
- [Voiceover] "The
Fuhrer called me

2654
02:34:00,480 --> 02:34:03,679
into the Reich Chancellery
at 4:00 pm today.

2655
02:34:03,680 --> 02:34:05,900
To start with, he
spent a whole hour

2656
02:34:05,901 --> 02:34:07,879
describing the
campaign in Poland.

2657
02:34:07,880 --> 02:34:11,158
'The Poles, only a
thin Germanic layer.

2658
02:34:11,159 --> 02:34:13,999
Underneath that, dreadful stock.

2659
02:34:14,000 --> 02:34:17,599
The Jews, the worst that you
could possibly imagine.

2660
02:34:17,600 --> 02:34:20,840
Only a master's heavy
hand could rule here.'"

2661
02:34:23,360 --> 02:34:24,760
Alfred Rosenberg,

2662
02:34:24,761 --> 02:34:27,840
Director of the Foreign Policy
Office of the NSDAP.

2663
02:34:31,239 --> 02:34:32,999
(traffic clamoring)

2664
02:34:33,000 --> 02:34:36,300
- [Voiceover] "Two days later,
I went to the Warsaw Ghetto.

2665
02:34:36,301 --> 02:34:37,939
A brick wall about
eight feet high

2666
02:34:37,940 --> 02:34:40,580
had been built around
the entire desolate area

2667
02:34:40,581 --> 02:34:43,319
from which all the
Aryans had been evacuated

2668
02:34:43,320 --> 02:34:46,799
and into which than 400,000
Jews had been forced.

2669
02:34:48,200 --> 02:34:50,080
The entire population
of the ghetto

2670
02:34:50,081 --> 02:34:52,079
seemed to be living
in the street.

2671
02:34:53,040 --> 02:34:55,639
There was hardly a square
yard of empty space.

2672
02:34:55,640 --> 02:34:58,019
As we picked our way across
the mud and rubble,

2673
02:34:58,020 --> 02:35:00,719
the shadows of what have
once been men or women

2674
02:35:00,720 --> 02:35:03,780
flitted by us in pursuit
of someone or something,

2675
02:35:03,781 --> 02:35:07,000
their eyes blazing with some
insane hunger
or greed.

2676
02:35:08,959 --> 02:35:10,960
Frequently, we passed by corpses

2677
02:35:10,961 --> 02:35:12,760
lying naked in the streets."

2678
02:35:16,000 --> 02:35:18,719
Jan Karski, courier of
the Polish Underground.

2679
02:35:23,719 --> 02:35:26,600
- [Narrator] For a long time,
researchers and prosecutors

2680
02:35:26,601 --> 02:35:29,600
searched for a definitive
written order from Hitler

2681
02:35:29,601 --> 02:35:31,958
for the murder of European Jews.

2682
02:35:31,959 --> 02:35:33,260
Such an order from Hitler

2683
02:35:33,261 --> 02:35:36,100
on the Final Solution
of the Jewish Question

2684
02:35:36,101 --> 02:35:37,520
obviously doesn't exist.

2685
02:35:40,239 --> 02:35:42,600
- [Voiceover] Service
calendar, Heinrich Himmler,

2686
02:35:42,601 --> 02:35:44,359
Himmler's lecture notes.

2687
02:35:44,360 --> 02:35:47,798
"Fuhrer Headquarters,
Fuhrer, Wolfsschanze,

2688
02:35:47,799 --> 02:35:51,199
July the 18th, 1941, 4:00 pm.

2689
02:35:51,200 --> 02:35:55,158
Jewish Question,
exterminate as partisans.

2690
02:35:55,159 --> 02:35:57,040
Restructuring of the Waffen-SS."

2691
02:36:04,040 --> 02:36:06,360
- [Voiceover] "In any case,
I'm totally convinced,

2692
02:36:06,361 --> 02:36:08,120
even without written proof,

2693
02:36:08,121 --> 02:36:09,799
that the extermination
of the Jews

2694
02:36:09,800 --> 02:36:12,300
goes back to a specific
order from Hitler

2695
02:36:12,301 --> 02:36:15,080
because it's unthinkable
that Himmler and Goering

2696
02:36:15,081 --> 02:36:17,840
would have carried this out
without his knowledge.

2697
02:36:18,760 --> 02:36:22,639
Nicolaus von Below, Luftwaffe
Adjutant to Adolf Hitler.

2698
02:36:25,200 --> 02:36:26,880
- [Narrator] Immediately
after the invasion

2699
02:36:26,881 --> 02:36:29,040
of the Soviet Union
by the Wehrmacht,

2700
02:36:29,041 --> 02:36:32,478
the 3,000-man death
squads of security police

2701
02:36:32,479 --> 02:36:34,440
and the Reich Security Service

2702
02:36:34,441 --> 02:36:36,620
begin their killing operations.

2703
02:36:36,621 --> 02:36:39,760
The political responsibility
lies with Hermann Goering,

2704
02:36:39,761 --> 02:36:41,239
to whom Hitler has transferred

2705
02:36:41,240 --> 02:36:44,159
the coordination
of Jewish policy.

2706
02:36:45,079 --> 02:36:46,919
(people chattering)

2707
02:36:46,920 --> 02:36:48,319
- [Voiceover] "If I am asked

2708
02:36:48,320 --> 02:36:50,320
whether I knew about the
shooting of the Jews,

2709
02:36:50,321 --> 02:36:52,420
I have to say that
I received an order

2710
02:36:52,421 --> 02:36:55,360
to attend the shooting
of Jews as a spectator.

2711
02:36:57,120 --> 02:36:58,799
I remember that we had to be

2712
02:36:58,800 --> 02:37:01,040
at the shooting
site at 8:00 pm."

2713
02:37:02,479 --> 02:37:04,399
A navy captain, Liepaja.

2714
02:37:05,159 --> 02:37:10,280
(singing in foreign language)
(upbeat music)

2715
02:37:11,239 --> 02:37:13,120
- [Voiceover] "Around noon, an
old man from Lower Saxony,

2716
02:37:13,121 --> 02:37:14,920
Colonel Scherr, visited me.

2717
02:37:16,079 --> 02:37:17,879
Among the things he talked about

2718
02:37:17,880 --> 02:37:21,180
that were especially horrible
was the shooting
of Jews.

2719
02:37:21,181 --> 02:37:22,920
He'd been told by
another colonel,

2720
02:37:22,921 --> 02:37:24,600
Tippleskerch, I believe."

2721
02:37:27,639 --> 02:37:32,000
Ernst Junger,
Captain, Paris, diary.

2722
02:37:33,280 --> 02:37:35,940
- [Voiceover] "I saw
a long deep ditch.

2723
02:37:35,941 --> 02:37:40,398
SS men and Latvian police in
plainclothes wearing armbandsú

2724
02:37:40,399 --> 02:37:42,120
were standing beside it.

2725
02:37:42,121 --> 02:37:44,460
The terrain was
overgrown with bushes,

2726
02:37:44,461 --> 02:37:45,879
and the ground was sandy.

2727
02:37:47,639 --> 02:37:50,360
(gun banging)

2728
02:37:51,079 --> 02:37:54,359
We watched about 1 1/2
hours of the execution.

2729
02:37:54,360 --> 02:37:56,680
During this time,
three to four trucks

2730
02:37:56,681 --> 02:37:59,400
were brought in from the city
to the shooting site.

2731
02:37:59,401 --> 02:38:02,040
Then the victims were
driven like cattle

2732
02:38:02,041 --> 02:38:04,318
from the truck to the ditch.

2733
02:38:04,319 --> 02:38:09,799
Each time, five had to march
in single file into the ditch.

2734
02:38:10,719 --> 02:38:13,920
The shooting took place under
the command
of the SS.

2735
02:38:13,921 --> 02:38:16,599
The victims stood facing us.

2736
02:38:16,600 --> 02:38:18,380
I can remember exactly

2737
02:38:18,381 --> 02:38:21,680
that after the salvos,
the victims collapsed."

2738
02:38:23,840 --> 02:38:25,920
A navy captain, Liepaja.

2739
02:38:32,840 --> 02:38:36,239
- [Voiceover] Letter to the
SS and Latvian
Police Chief.

2740
02:38:36,240 --> 02:38:38,540
Commander of the
Riga Police Force.

2741
02:38:38,541 --> 02:38:41,040
January the 3rd 1942.

2742
02:38:42,639 --> 02:38:44,140
"The execution of the Jews

2743
02:38:44,141 --> 02:38:46,200
carried out in the
timeframe of the report

2744
02:38:46,201 --> 02:38:48,980
is still the talk of
the local population.

2745
02:38:48,981 --> 02:38:51,880
The fate of the Jews is
deplored numerous times,

2746
02:38:51,881 --> 02:38:54,120
and at the moment,
you hear few people

2747
02:38:54,121 --> 02:38:56,040
in favor of their elimination.

2748
02:39:00,879 --> 02:39:03,760
Among other things, there
is a rumor circulating

2749
02:39:03,761 --> 02:39:05,680
that the execution was filmed."

2750
02:39:07,639 --> 02:39:10,280
SS and Police Chief, Liepaja.

2751
02:39:15,239 --> 02:39:17,399
- [Voiceover] Memoirs
in diary form.

2752
02:39:18,280 --> 02:39:20,398
"A grim, gloomy mood.

2753
02:39:20,399 --> 02:39:23,080
Fuhrer had a long
discussion with Himmler,

2754
02:39:23,081 --> 02:39:24,879
and afterwards
there was the usual

2755
02:39:24,880 --> 02:39:26,879
corresponding atmosphere."

2756
02:39:29,159 --> 02:39:30,600
Gerhard Engel.

2757
02:39:40,760 --> 02:39:42,559
- [Voiceover] "Hitler
never told me anything

2758
02:39:42,560 --> 02:39:44,280
about the treatment of the Jews.

2759
02:39:46,280 --> 02:39:49,078
In foreign policy,
the subject only arose

2760
02:39:49,079 --> 02:39:50,840
when the Jews were
to be deported

2761
02:39:50,841 --> 02:39:52,719
from some country or other."

2762
02:39:55,159 --> 02:39:57,878
Franz von Sonnleithner,
NSDAP member,

2763
02:39:57,879 --> 02:40:01,679
after 1939, Legation Councilor
in the Foreign Ministry.

2764
02:40:01,680 --> 02:40:04,879
(people chattering)

2765
02:40:08,799 --> 02:40:10,120
- [Voiceover] Adolf Hitler,

2766
02:40:10,121 --> 02:40:11,920
address to the
traditional gathering

2767
02:40:11,921 --> 02:40:13,940
in the Munich Burgerbraukeller,

2768
02:40:13,941 --> 02:40:15,600
November the 8th 1942.

2769
02:40:16,520 --> 02:40:19,719
"You will recall the Reichstag
session at which
I declared

2770
02:40:19,720 --> 02:40:21,919
if Judaism imagines for a moment

2771
02:40:21,920 --> 02:40:24,580
that it can bring about an
international
world war

2772
02:40:24,581 --> 02:40:27,300
for the extermination
of the European races,

2773
02:40:27,301 --> 02:40:28,740
the result will not be

2774
02:40:28,741 --> 02:40:30,939
the extermination of
the European races,

2775
02:40:30,940 --> 02:40:33,920
but the extermination
of the Jews in Europe.

2776
02:40:33,921 --> 02:40:36,120
I was always derided
as a prophet.

2777
02:40:36,121 --> 02:40:39,120
Countless numbers of those
who laughed at the time

2778
02:40:39,121 --> 02:40:41,000
are no longer laughing today.

2779
02:40:41,001 --> 02:40:43,079
Those who are still laughing now

2780
02:40:43,080 --> 02:40:45,879
will perhaps not be
laughing much longer."

2781
02:40:49,159 --> 02:40:51,840
- [Voiceover] Danziger
Vorposten daily newspaper,

2782
02:40:51,841 --> 02:40:53,840
May the 13th 1944.

2783
02:40:54,760 --> 02:40:57,720
"Jewry records major losses
in other regions
of Europe.

2784
02:40:57,721 --> 02:41:01,239
The core areas of
Jewish settlement that
we found in Poland,

2785
02:41:01,240 --> 02:41:03,599
like those in Warsaw and Lublin,

2786
02:41:03,600 --> 02:41:05,399
have today been neutralized.

2787
02:41:07,000 --> 02:41:10,000
The settlements of 1/2
million Jews in Hungary

2788
02:41:10,001 --> 02:41:13,180
are currently being dealt
with in a similar fashion.

2789
02:41:13,181 --> 02:41:14,719
Thus, in these countries alone,

2790
02:41:14,720 --> 02:41:16,959
five million Jews
have been eliminated.

2791
02:41:18,000 --> 02:41:19,640
In other European countries,

2792
02:41:19,641 --> 02:41:21,700
longstanding state
measures against Jewry

2793
02:41:21,701 --> 02:41:23,200
are also increasing."

2794
02:41:25,959 --> 02:41:30,238
Wilhelm Loebsack, Provincial
NSDAP Propaganda Director

2795
02:41:30,239 --> 02:41:32,119
in Gdansk, West Prussia.

2796
02:41:32,120 --> 02:41:35,040
(train rattling)

2797
02:41:41,639 --> 02:41:43,360
- [Voiceover] "During
the military briefing

2798
02:41:43,361 --> 02:41:45,558
around autumn 1944,

2799
02:41:45,559 --> 02:41:47,380
the Reich Press Chief Dietrich

2800
02:41:47,381 --> 02:41:49,279
came up with an English report.

2801
02:41:49,280 --> 02:41:51,700
In this newspaper
article, it was alleged

2802
02:41:51,701 --> 02:41:54,760
that the Russians had taken
a German concentration camp

2803
02:41:54,761 --> 02:41:56,478
by the name of Majdanek.

2804
02:41:56,479 --> 02:41:58,359
Pictures showed racks

2805
02:41:58,360 --> 02:42:01,240
on which a large number
of combs could be seen,

2806
02:42:01,241 --> 02:42:04,000
well-laid out, as
foreigners expect to see

2807
02:42:04,001 --> 02:42:05,760
in a German institution.

2808
02:42:05,761 --> 02:42:09,318
The text said that people had
been exterminated here.

2809
02:42:09,319 --> 02:42:12,280
Dietrich presented the
press report to Hitler.

2810
02:42:12,281 --> 02:42:15,999
We stood there with
baited breath to hear
what he would say.

2811
02:42:16,000 --> 02:42:17,760
The answer was swift."

2812
02:42:17,761 --> 02:42:19,959
- [Voiceover] "Those are the
hands of Belgian children

2813
02:42:19,960 --> 02:42:22,000
chopped off during
the First World War.

2814
02:42:22,001 --> 02:42:24,279
It's nothing but
enemy propaganda."

2815
02:42:24,280 --> 02:42:26,000
- [Voiceover] "I believe
that I have quoted

2816
02:42:26,001 --> 02:42:28,040
Hitler's statement correctly.

2817
02:42:28,041 --> 02:42:30,719
In any case, we
were all relieved."

2818
02:42:32,440 --> 02:42:34,020
Franz von Sonnleithner,

2819
02:42:34,021 --> 02:42:37,639
after 1939, Legation Councilor
in the Foreign Ministry.

2820
02:42:39,719 --> 02:42:41,638
(soldiers chattering)

2821
02:42:41,639 --> 02:42:43,479
- [Voiceover] "On the
third day of the war,

2822
02:42:43,480 --> 02:42:45,519
I was wounded near Grodno.

2823
02:42:45,520 --> 02:42:47,820
When I came to, there
were many wounded

2824
02:42:47,821 --> 02:42:49,220
lying on the ground.

2825
02:42:49,221 --> 02:42:51,540
We were at the mercy
of the German soldiers.

2826
02:42:51,541 --> 02:42:55,000
After a while, those who could
move were driven onwards.

2827
02:42:55,001 --> 02:42:57,059
My comrades grabbed
me under the arms

2828
02:42:57,060 --> 02:42:59,959
because those who fell down
were immediately shot."

2829
02:43:03,120 --> 02:43:04,319
Dmitri Dmitrienko.

2830
02:43:15,760 --> 02:43:18,080
- [Narrator] Since
February 1938,

2831
02:43:18,081 --> 02:43:21,540
Adolf Hitler has been
the Supreme Commander
of the military.

2832
02:43:21,541 --> 02:43:23,300
In this capacity,
he's responsible

2833
02:43:23,301 --> 02:43:26,239
for the mass killings of
Soviet prisoners of war.

2834
02:43:28,159 --> 02:43:32,199
Whereas one to 3% of
Anglo-American prisoners die,

2835
02:43:32,200 --> 02:43:35,879
some 50% of Red Army
prisoners perish.

2836
02:43:37,559 --> 02:43:41,999
Of the roughly 5.3 to 5.7
million Red Army soldiers

2837
02:43:42,000 --> 02:43:43,639
in German captivity,

2838
02:43:43,640 --> 02:43:46,638
2.5 to 3.3 million die.

2839
02:43:46,639 --> 02:43:48,239
Estimates vary.

2840
02:43:50,319 --> 02:43:53,700
- [Voiceover] "Only the
gravediggers were
given food.

2841
02:43:53,701 --> 02:43:57,478
The camp was set up in a dense
forest, a pine forest.

2842
02:43:57,479 --> 02:43:59,600
We scratched the
bark off with a nail

2843
02:43:59,601 --> 02:44:01,360
and fed ourselves that way.

2844
02:44:02,120 --> 02:44:05,200
After a while, the whole
forest had been eaten."

2845
02:44:07,559 --> 02:44:09,239
Boris Sheremet.

2846
02:44:10,799 --> 02:44:14,040
- [Narrator] Army command is
fully aware of the situation

2847
02:44:14,041 --> 02:44:17,399
and condones the starvation
of Soviet prisoners.

2848
02:44:18,280 --> 02:44:20,199
In November 1941,

2849
02:44:20,200 --> 02:44:22,639
when the Chiefs of
Staff of the East Armies

2850
02:44:22,640 --> 02:44:24,559
tell the Quartermaster General

2851
02:44:24,560 --> 02:44:27,760
that the armies need Soviet
prisoners as laborers,

2852
02:44:27,761 --> 02:44:31,238
but that these are starving
in camps, he states.

2853
02:44:31,239 --> 02:44:33,120
- [Voiceover] "Prisoners
of war who do not work

2854
02:44:33,121 --> 02:44:34,440
have to starve.

2855
02:44:35,200 --> 02:44:37,879
Working prisoners of
war can, in some cases,

2856
02:44:37,880 --> 02:44:39,639
be fed army provisions."

2857
02:44:41,319 --> 02:44:44,000
Eduard Wagner,
Quartermaster General.

2858
02:44:45,319 --> 02:44:46,519
(rain splattering)

2859
02:44:46,520 --> 02:44:48,920
- [Voiceover] Letter
to Wilhelm Keitel.

2860
02:44:48,921 --> 02:44:51,159
"The fate of the
Soviet prisoners of war

2861
02:44:51,160 --> 02:44:53,718
is a tragedy of
huge proportions.

2862
02:44:53,719 --> 02:44:56,040
The large majority
of them have starved

2863
02:44:56,041 --> 02:44:58,360
or died from exposure
to the weather."

2864
02:45:01,520 --> 02:45:02,900
Alfred Rosenberg,

2865
02:45:02,901 --> 02:45:05,639
Minister for the Occupied
Eastern Territories.

2866
02:45:06,719 --> 02:45:08,120
- [Voiceover] Wilhelm Keitel,

2867
02:45:08,121 --> 02:45:10,120
Chief of the Armed
Forces High Command.

2868
02:45:10,121 --> 02:45:12,839
"Such doubts belong
to soldierly concepts

2869
02:45:12,840 --> 02:45:14,639
of chivalrous warfare.

2870
02:45:14,640 --> 02:45:18,080
Here, we are dealing with the
destruction of
an ideology.

2871
02:45:18,081 --> 02:45:21,200
For this reason, I approve and
support these measures."

2872
02:45:21,201 --> 02:45:24,479
(soldiers chattering)

2873
02:45:28,079 --> 02:45:29,600
- [Voiceover] "I keep hearing

2874
02:45:29,601 --> 02:45:32,300
that Hitler could not have
known about everything.

2875
02:45:32,301 --> 02:45:33,660
This is sheer nonsense.

2876
02:45:33,661 --> 02:45:37,000
I know from personal
observation and remarks
by Hitler

2877
02:45:37,001 --> 02:45:38,920
that he knew everything."

2878
02:45:40,719 --> 02:45:43,319
Heinz Linge, valet
to Adolf Hitler.

2879
02:46:10,200 --> 02:46:11,439
(dog barking)

2880
02:46:11,440 --> 02:46:14,440
- [Voiceover] "Up until 1940,
Hitler looked younger

2881
02:46:14,441 --> 02:46:16,239
than he was in reality.

2882
02:46:16,240 --> 02:46:19,158
After that, however,
he aged rather quickly.

2883
02:46:19,159 --> 02:46:22,439
Up to 1943, he looked
his age outwardly.

2884
02:46:22,440 --> 02:46:26,399
Later, his rapid physical
deterioration was obvious."

2885
02:46:28,920 --> 02:46:31,359
Professor Dr. Hanskarl
von Hasselbach,

2886
02:46:31,360 --> 02:46:33,719
Deputy Attendant
Doctor to Adolf Hitler.

2887
02:46:33,720 --> 02:46:36,319
(dog panting)

2888
02:46:37,079 --> 02:46:38,920
- [Voiceover] "The
death of a human being

2889
02:46:38,921 --> 02:46:40,740
didn't bother him at all.

2890
02:46:40,741 --> 02:46:43,040
He saw people as the
links in a long chain,

2891
02:46:43,041 --> 02:46:46,000
and he considered the
first link to be himself.

2892
02:46:47,559 --> 02:46:50,279
Children were, in his
eyes, only the potential

2893
02:46:50,280 --> 02:46:53,500
by which the greater or smaller
living space
of a people

2894
02:46:53,501 --> 02:46:54,600
was measured."

2895
02:46:58,760 --> 02:47:00,200
Christa Schroeder.

2896
02:47:03,040 --> 02:47:05,840
(upbeat music)

2897
02:47:07,399 --> 02:47:08,840
- [Voiceover] "The
soldiers that I met

2898
02:47:08,680 --> 02:47:10,079
were not followers of Hitler

2899
02:47:10,080 --> 02:47:12,958
and only served the
Fuhrer unwillingly,

2900
02:47:12,959 --> 02:47:14,639
but all approved of war

2901
02:47:14,640 --> 02:47:17,260
as an indispensable
phenomenon of life.

2902
02:47:17,261 --> 02:47:20,740
The war is the ultimate
exertion that you
cannot dodge.

2903
02:47:20,741 --> 02:47:24,839
This picture was deeply
ingrained in them."

2904
02:47:24,840 --> 02:47:28,040
Wilma Schtoem,
journalist and writer.

2905
02:47:33,399 --> 02:47:38,040
- [Voiceover] Diary, Monday,
July the 26th 1943.

2906
02:47:39,239 --> 02:47:41,238
"Mussolini has resigned.

2907
02:47:41,239 --> 02:47:43,078
He's said to be ill.

2908
02:47:43,079 --> 02:47:47,200
Last night, Hamburg, Essen,
and Kiel were bombed again."

2909
02:47:49,760 --> 02:47:51,319
Henrietta Schneider.

2910
02:47:59,159 --> 02:48:00,319
- [Voiceover]
"While I endeavored

2911
02:48:00,320 --> 02:48:01,880
to establish worthwhile targets

2912
02:48:01,881 --> 02:48:04,300
to Hitler and the general
staff of the Air Force,

2913
02:48:04,301 --> 02:48:06,479
our enemies launched
five big attacks

2914
02:48:06,480 --> 02:48:09,200
on only one major city, Hamburg.

2915
02:48:10,000 --> 02:48:11,399
Although this
action contradicted

2916
02:48:11,400 --> 02:48:13,180
all tactical considerations,

2917
02:48:13,181 --> 02:48:15,319
it had catastrophic
consequences."

2918
02:48:17,959 --> 02:48:19,000
Albert Speer.

2919
02:48:21,120 --> 02:48:22,839
(fire crackling)

2920
02:48:22,840 --> 02:48:26,078
- [Voiceover] Diary of fighter
pilot Hans Ahrens,

2921
02:48:26,079 --> 02:48:27,558
born 1921,

2922
02:48:27,559 --> 02:48:31,359
killed in action
February the 21st 1944.

2923
02:48:31,360 --> 02:48:34,318
"That first night of
terror on July the 25th

2924
02:48:34,319 --> 02:48:36,580
will remain unforgettable for us

2925
02:48:36,581 --> 02:48:39,200
and the majority of
all Hamburg residents.

2926
02:48:40,200 --> 02:48:43,158
Personally, I'm glad that
I experienced it all.

2927
02:48:43,159 --> 02:48:46,919
As a soldier, it led to an
ultimate resolute hatred

2928
02:48:46,920 --> 02:48:48,039
of our enemy."

2929
02:48:48,040 --> 02:48:50,959
(fire crackling)

2930
02:48:52,879 --> 02:48:54,660
- [Voiceover] Letter
to Gayog Zimmerman,

2931
02:48:54,661 --> 02:48:56,920
soldier in Norway,
from his mother.

2932
02:48:56,921 --> 02:49:00,120
Hamburg, July the 28th 1943.

2933
02:49:00,840 --> 02:49:03,158
"Dear Gayog, we are still alive,

2934
02:49:03,159 --> 02:49:06,078
but Hamburg de facto
no longer exists.

2935
02:49:06,079 --> 02:49:07,780
No house left standing.

2936
02:49:07,781 --> 02:49:09,558
Just mountains of rubble.

2937
02:49:09,559 --> 02:49:11,280
Entire streets blocked.

2938
02:49:11,281 --> 02:49:13,000
Dead bodies not salvaged.

2939
02:49:13,001 --> 02:49:15,520
Impenetrable smoke
and fumes and fires

2940
02:49:15,521 --> 02:49:17,200
still burning everywhere.

2941
02:49:17,201 --> 02:49:19,439
Disintegration is in progress.

2942
02:49:19,440 --> 02:49:21,520
No police anymore, nothing.

2943
02:49:22,520 --> 02:49:24,600
Hamburg is lost forever."

2944
02:49:26,479 --> 02:49:28,319
Magdalena Zimmerman.

2945
02:49:31,399 --> 02:49:33,220
- [Voiceover] "When I
traveled to the Baden

2946
02:49:33,221 --> 02:49:36,300
from Babelsberg, I met an
acquaintance on
the train.

2947
02:49:36,301 --> 02:49:38,200
He'd experienced
it all in Hamburg

2948
02:49:38,201 --> 02:49:40,140
as an anti-aircraft soldier.

2949
02:49:40,141 --> 02:49:42,060
It smelled so
strongly of corpses

2950
02:49:42,061 --> 02:49:44,820
that you couldn't get the
stench out of your nose.

2951
02:49:44,821 --> 02:49:46,820
Leaflets were
dropped over Hamburg

2952
02:49:46,821 --> 02:49:50,000
with quotes from the war
speeches of Hitler
and Goering,

2953
02:49:50,600 --> 02:49:52,120
without any comment."

2954
02:49:54,200 --> 02:49:57,200
Erik Kessner, writer, war diary.

2955
02:50:00,120 --> 02:50:02,600
- [Voiceover] Hamburg,
July the 30th 1943.

2956
02:50:04,239 --> 02:50:07,078
"My Hanele, words can't express

2957
02:50:07,079 --> 02:50:08,940
what we're going through here.

2958
02:50:08,941 --> 02:50:11,680
A government that cannot
protect its women
and children

2959
02:50:11,681 --> 02:50:13,319
is simply criminal.

2960
02:50:14,840 --> 02:50:17,440
My Hanele, if I could
only hear one word

2961
02:50:17,441 --> 02:50:20,159
from you and Gayog,
your mother."

2962
02:50:22,120 --> 02:50:23,879
Magdalena Zimmerman.

2963
02:50:27,319 --> 02:50:30,159
- [Voiceover] "When he traveled
to Bavaria to
the Berghof

2964
02:50:30,160 --> 02:50:31,959
or the Fuhrer Headquarters,

2965
02:50:31,960 --> 02:50:35,660
then he went by train and at
night with blacked out windows

2966
02:50:35,661 --> 02:50:36,780
so that he wasn't faced

2967
02:50:36,781 --> 02:50:39,559
with the devastation
from the bombing raids."

2968
02:50:41,200 --> 02:50:43,959
Bernd Freytag von
Loringhoven, Captain.

2969
02:50:49,000 --> 02:50:50,600
- [Voiceover] "During
the entire war,

2970
02:50:50,601 --> 02:50:53,680
Adolf Hitler never once
visited a bombed city."

2971
02:50:55,200 --> 02:50:56,200
Albert Speer.

2972
02:50:58,719 --> 02:51:00,399
- [Voiceover] Dr. Theo Morell,

2973
02:51:00,400 --> 02:51:02,839
Adolf Hitler's
personal physician.

2974
02:51:02,840 --> 02:51:08,120
Diary, September the
23rd 1943, 8:15 pm.

2975
02:51:09,159 --> 02:51:11,558
"Examination after dinner.

2976
02:51:11,559 --> 02:51:15,199
Strong flatulence,
spasms from agitation.

2977
02:51:15,200 --> 02:51:18,199
Stomach shows increased
fat formation.

2978
02:51:18,200 --> 02:51:19,680
Prescribed a diet."

2979
02:51:21,440 --> 02:51:23,320
- [Voiceover] "He admired
Morell and his art

2980
02:51:23,321 --> 02:51:27,040
and was, in a sense, dependent
on him and his medication."

2981
02:51:28,920 --> 02:51:29,959
Albert Speer.

2982
02:51:30,920 --> 02:51:32,439
(tense music)

2983
02:51:32,440 --> 02:51:35,440
- [Voiceover] New Year's
Proclamation, 1944.

2984
02:51:36,479 --> 02:51:39,839
"The year 1944 will make
hard and heavy demands

2985
02:51:39,840 --> 02:51:41,158
on all Germans.

2986
02:51:41,159 --> 02:51:43,120
The monstrous events of the war

2987
02:51:43,121 --> 02:51:45,380
will come closer to
crisis this year.

2988
02:51:45,381 --> 02:51:48,319
We are fully confident
that we will endure."

2989
02:51:50,120 --> 02:51:51,399
Adolf Hitler.

2990
02:51:55,479 --> 02:51:59,599
- [Voiceover] Diary,
May the 27th 1944.

2991
02:51:59,600 --> 02:52:02,999
"An impression of an
increasingly destroyed Berlin.

2992
02:52:03,000 --> 02:52:04,359
Devastating.

2993
02:52:04,360 --> 02:52:07,540
At the same time, Berliners
are sitting in
the sunshine

2994
02:52:07,541 --> 02:52:10,719
on chairs amid the rubble and
debris on the esplanade

2995
02:52:10,720 --> 02:52:12,520
as if it were peacetime."

2996
02:52:14,760 --> 02:52:18,360
Ulrich von Hassell, diplomat
and member of the resistance.

2997
02:52:20,200 --> 02:52:23,680
- [Voiceover] Diary,
May the 9th 1944.

2998
02:52:24,920 --> 02:52:26,199
"Patient A.

2999
02:52:26,200 --> 02:52:28,119
Tension headache, left side.

3000
02:52:28,120 --> 02:52:30,399
Legs trembling due to agitation.

3001
02:52:31,040 --> 02:52:33,280
Invasion imminent but where?"

3002
02:52:35,120 --> 02:52:36,559
Dr. Theo Morell.

3003
02:52:38,760 --> 02:52:41,019
- [Voiceover] "The plutocratic
world of the West

3004
02:52:41,020 --> 02:52:43,760
can undertake its threatened
landing attempt

3005
02:52:44,479 --> 02:52:45,760
whenever it wants.

3006
02:52:45,761 --> 02:52:47,079
It will fail."

3007
02:52:47,799 --> 02:52:50,440
Adolf Hitler, order of
the day to the Wehrmacht.

3008
02:52:52,040 --> 02:52:54,199
(ominous music)

3009
02:52:54,200 --> 02:52:55,760
- [Voiceover] "Hitler
was told of the landing

3010
02:52:55,761 --> 02:52:57,979
on the morning of June the 6th.

3011
02:52:57,980 --> 02:53:00,100
He expressed relief when he
received the
first report

3012
02:53:00,101 --> 02:53:03,079
and said now it would be
possible to beat
the enemy."

3013
02:53:04,920 --> 02:53:08,040
Nicolaus von Below, Luftwaffe
Adjutant to Adolf Hitler.

3014
02:53:08,041 --> 02:53:11,079
(gunfire rattling)

3015
02:53:12,040 --> 02:53:13,879
- [Voiceover] "The
conviction of the Germans

3016
02:53:13,880 --> 02:53:16,760
that we would not attack in
the weather then prevailing

3017
02:53:16,761 --> 02:53:20,520
was a definite factor in the
degree of surprise
we achieved.

3018
02:53:20,521 --> 02:53:24,839
In the Omaha Sector, an alert
enemy division,
the 352nd,

3019
02:53:24,840 --> 02:53:27,440
which prisoners stated
had been in the area

3020
02:53:27,441 --> 02:53:29,718
on maneuvers and
defense exercises,

3021
02:53:29,719 --> 02:53:32,240
accounted for some of
the intensive fighting

3022
02:53:32,241 --> 02:53:33,520
in that locality."

3023
02:53:35,280 --> 02:53:38,359
Dwight D. Eisenhower,
US General,

3024
02:53:38,360 --> 02:53:40,719
Supreme Allied
Commander, Europe.

3025
02:53:44,920 --> 02:53:48,040
- [Voiceover] Heinz Linge,
valet to Adolf Hitler.

3026
02:53:49,479 --> 02:53:51,180
"Among Hitler's habits,

3027
02:53:51,181 --> 02:53:54,040
which despite our efforts
couldn't be remedied,

3028
02:53:54,041 --> 02:53:57,039
was that he kept asking
what time it was,

3029
02:53:57,040 --> 02:53:59,079
above all, during
the war."

3030
02:54:00,000 --> 02:54:01,959
- [Voiceover] "I principally
only ever stop

3031
02:54:01,960 --> 02:54:03,559
at five past 12."

3032
02:54:04,920 --> 02:54:06,719
Adolf Hitler in November 1942.

3033
02:54:08,760 --> 02:54:11,039
- [Voiceover] "On
July the 20th 1944,

3034
02:54:11,040 --> 02:54:12,520
I'd received the
order to prepare

3035
02:54:12,521 --> 02:54:14,239
for the move of
the operations unit

3036
02:54:14,240 --> 02:54:17,199
from Mauerwald to
Zossen, south of Berlin.

3037
02:54:17,200 --> 02:54:19,840
It was a hot East
Prussian summer's day.

3038
02:54:21,680 --> 02:54:24,620
Mauerwald was located
just 20 kilometers away

3039
02:54:24,621 --> 02:54:26,479
from the Wolfsschanze

3040
02:54:26,480 --> 02:54:30,200
where Stauffenberg's bomb
exploded around
12:45 pm."

3041
02:54:30,920 --> 02:54:33,440
Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven.

3042
02:54:38,280 --> 02:54:39,719
- [Voiceover] "I
remember thunder

3043
02:54:39,720 --> 02:54:42,280
combined with a
brightly flashing flame.

3044
02:54:42,281 --> 02:54:44,399
At the same time, thick smoke.

3045
02:54:45,200 --> 02:54:47,420
After a few seconds
of complete silence,

3046
02:54:47,421 --> 02:54:48,879
I heard someone call.

3047
02:54:49,760 --> 02:54:52,439
It was probably Field
Marshal Keitel."

3048
02:54:52,440 --> 02:54:54,639
- [Voiceover] "Where
is the Fuhrer?"

3049
02:54:55,440 --> 02:54:56,880
- [Voiceover] Heinz Buccholz,

3050
02:54:56,881 --> 02:54:59,600
stenographer in the
Wolfsschanze Headquarters.

3051
02:55:02,959 --> 02:55:06,380
- [Voiceover] "There were
agitated calls
for a doctor.

3052
02:55:06,381 --> 02:55:08,840
A bomb exploded, nothing
happened to the boss,

3053
02:55:08,841 --> 02:55:11,120
but the hut was blown sky high."

3054
02:55:13,000 --> 02:55:14,440
Christa Schroeder.

3055
02:55:15,520 --> 02:55:16,840
- [Voiceover] Heinz Linge.

3056
02:55:18,559 --> 02:55:20,679
"When I arrived, I saw Hitler,

3057
02:55:20,680 --> 02:55:23,440
who looked at me
inquiringly with big eyes

3058
02:55:23,441 --> 02:55:25,520
and stared at my troubled face.

3059
02:55:25,521 --> 02:55:27,798
With a calm smile
he said."

3060
02:55:27,799 --> 02:55:30,680
- [Voiceover] "Linge, someone
tried to kill me."

3061
02:55:31,840 --> 02:55:33,638
(crowd cheering)

3062
02:55:33,639 --> 02:55:38,200
- [Voiceover] Diary, Friday,
July the 21st 1944.

3063
02:55:40,399 --> 02:55:43,239
"The radio broadcast
details of the attack.

3064
02:55:43,240 --> 02:55:47,399
The bomb was planted by
a Count Von Stauffenberg.

3065
02:55:48,639 --> 02:55:50,559
Around one o'clock,
the Fuhrer spoke

3066
02:55:50,560 --> 02:55:52,718
to prove that he had survived.

3067
02:55:52,719 --> 02:55:56,119
What would have happened
if the Fuhrer had died?

3068
02:55:56,120 --> 02:55:57,460
The war would be over,

3069
02:55:57,461 --> 02:55:59,920
and there would be
revolution in Germany."

3070
02:56:02,760 --> 02:56:04,440
Henrietta Schneider.

3071
02:56:05,600 --> 02:56:06,959
- [Voiceover] "His confidence,

3072
02:56:06,960 --> 02:56:09,600
his faith in victory,
and his assurance,

3073
02:56:09,601 --> 02:56:13,439
but also his power
consciousness and delusions
of grandeur

3074
02:56:13,440 --> 02:56:16,440
now exceeded all
boundaries of reason."

3075
02:56:17,280 --> 02:56:20,680
Traudl Junge, Hitler's
private secretary.

3076
02:56:22,319 --> 02:56:26,318
- [Voiceover] Personal war
diary, October
the 7th 1944.

3077
02:56:26,319 --> 02:56:27,799
"Morning briefing.

3078
02:56:28,559 --> 02:56:30,920
Beginning of the attack on
East Prussia and Budapest.

3079
02:56:30,921 --> 02:56:32,639
Long discussion with Goering.

3080
02:56:32,640 --> 02:56:35,720
Station 12 heavy anti-aircraft
batteries immediately

3081
02:56:35,721 --> 02:56:37,840
to protect the
Fuhrer's headquarters.

3082
02:56:40,239 --> 02:56:42,279
Keitel for relocating to Berlin.

3083
02:56:42,280 --> 02:56:43,559
Hitler against it."

3084
02:56:44,520 --> 02:56:47,759
Werner Kreipe, General
of the Aviators,

3085
02:56:47,760 --> 02:56:50,000
Chief of Staff, Luftwaffe.

3086
02:56:54,079 --> 02:56:57,158
- [Voiceover] "In the first
days of November 1944,

3087
02:56:57,159 --> 02:56:58,520
we moved out of the Wolfsschanze

3088
02:56:58,521 --> 02:57:00,959
because the Russians
were close by."

3089
02:57:02,799 --> 02:57:03,639
Traudl Junge.

3090
02:57:03,640 --> 02:57:05,878
(train rattling)

3091
02:57:05,879 --> 02:57:08,920
(cannons booming)

3092
02:57:11,159 --> 02:57:13,760
- [Voiceover] "Germany was
under intense pressure.

3093
02:57:13,761 --> 02:57:17,478
At the end of 1944, weapons
production fell sharply.

3094
02:57:17,479 --> 02:57:20,439
Trapped in the east,
southeast, south,
and west,

3095
02:57:20,440 --> 02:57:22,479
Germany was
strategically encircled

3096
02:57:22,480 --> 02:57:24,220
and could not break free.

3097
02:57:24,221 --> 02:57:26,800
Nevertheless, Hitler
took one ultimate measure

3098
02:57:26,801 --> 02:57:28,040
after the other.

3099
02:57:28,041 --> 02:57:30,160
The Nazis suppressed
without mercy

3100
02:57:30,161 --> 02:57:32,680
the slightest opposition
to the regime.

3101
02:57:34,719 --> 02:57:35,980
It was clear to us

3102
02:57:35,981 --> 02:57:38,680
that Germany was mobilizing
its last forces,

3103
02:57:38,681 --> 02:57:40,439
but at the end of 1944,

3104
02:57:40,440 --> 02:57:42,440
Germany was still
able to defend itself

3105
02:57:42,441 --> 02:57:44,440
and put up serious resistance.

3106
02:57:45,399 --> 02:57:49,679
Its military still consisted
of around 17.5
million men,

3107
02:57:49,680 --> 02:57:53,158
of whom 5.3 million
were fighting troops."

3108
02:57:53,159 --> 02:57:56,440
(explosions booming)

3109
02:57:58,840 --> 02:58:01,718
Georgy Zhukov,
Commander in Chief,

3110
02:58:01,719 --> 02:58:03,600
First White Russian Front.

3111
02:58:08,479 --> 02:58:10,580
- [Voiceover] "At
just 19 years old,

3112
02:58:10,581 --> 02:58:12,680
Walter was also
killed in action.

3113
02:58:13,520 --> 02:58:15,439
I was sitting on the
roof of our house

3114
02:58:15,440 --> 02:58:17,260
that had been damaged
in another bombing

3115
02:58:17,261 --> 02:58:19,959
when I saw the postman
bring the death notice.

3116
02:58:20,920 --> 02:58:24,319
My aunt called through the
house, 'Walter
has fallen.'

3117
02:58:25,520 --> 02:58:28,399
The death of my brother
was a deep shock for me."

3118
02:58:31,399 --> 02:58:33,399
Helmut Kohl, schoolboy.

3119
02:58:39,079 --> 02:58:41,280
- [Voiceover] Speech
to division commanders,

3120
02:58:41,281 --> 02:58:43,238
December the 12th 1944

3121
02:58:43,239 --> 02:58:46,759
in Adlerhorst near
Ziegenberg, Hesse.

3122
02:58:46,760 --> 02:58:50,119
"If we suffer a few more
really hard strikes,

3123
02:58:50,120 --> 02:58:53,040
then this artificially
maintained common front

3124
02:58:53,041 --> 02:58:55,360
can suddenly collapse
at any moment

3125
02:58:55,361 --> 02:58:57,479
in a huge clap
of thunder."

3126
02:59:00,319 --> 02:59:01,719
Adolf Hitler.

3127
02:59:03,840 --> 02:59:05,559
- [Voiceover] "Hitler
revealed the following

3128
02:59:05,560 --> 02:59:07,879
to a very limited
circle of listeners.

3129
02:59:08,879 --> 02:59:11,240
Due to a noticeable weakness
of any new forces

3130
02:59:11,241 --> 02:59:12,620
in the Eifel region,

3131
02:59:12,621 --> 02:59:15,360
he had decided to start
the attack from there.

3132
02:59:15,361 --> 02:59:17,280
The target had to be Antwerp."

3133
02:59:19,840 --> 02:59:22,279
Siegfried Westphal,
Major General,

3134
02:59:22,280 --> 02:59:25,239
Chief of Staff to the
Commander in Chief West.

3135
02:59:29,280 --> 02:59:31,919
(tense music)

3136
02:59:31,920 --> 02:59:34,679
- [Voiceover] "On
December the 16th 1944,

3137
02:59:34,680 --> 02:59:36,840
General Bradley came
to my headquarters

3138
02:59:36,841 --> 02:59:38,520
to discuss ways and means

3139
02:59:38,521 --> 02:59:42,300
of overcoming our
acute shortages in
infantry replacements.

3140
02:59:42,301 --> 02:59:45,519
Just as he entered my office,
a staff officer
came in

3141
02:59:45,520 --> 02:59:48,260
to report slight
penetrations of our line.

3142
02:59:48,261 --> 02:59:49,879
It was through this same region

3143
02:59:49,880 --> 02:59:52,840
that the Germans launched
their great attack
of 1940."

3144
02:59:55,479 --> 02:59:56,959
Dwight D. Eisenhower.

3145
03:00:01,520 --> 03:00:03,600
- [Voiceover] "German
tanks have been spotted

3146
03:00:03,601 --> 03:00:05,740
north of the city of Luxembourg.

3147
03:00:05,741 --> 03:00:07,279
Rundstedt has ordered the tanks

3148
03:00:07,280 --> 03:00:10,520
to advance through the Ardennes
in nearly the
same place

3149
03:00:10,521 --> 03:00:13,558
as the Germans
penetrated in May 1940.

3150
03:00:13,559 --> 03:00:15,920
They're heading in the
same direction again

3151
03:00:15,921 --> 03:00:17,980
to the channel coastline
towards Antwerp

3152
03:00:17,981 --> 03:00:20,519
and ordered to stop the
Allies using the port

3153
03:00:20,520 --> 03:00:23,040
through which their
main supplies come."

3154
03:00:24,719 --> 03:00:28,639
Stefan Heym, Corporal
of the US Army, writer.

3155
03:00:33,959 --> 03:00:36,239
- [Voiceover] "It was my
opinion that it
was necessary

3156
03:00:36,240 --> 03:00:39,180
to play Hitler's last
card to maximum effect.

3157
03:00:39,181 --> 03:00:41,399
As a gawker, I tried to
get as close as possible

3158
03:00:41,400 --> 03:00:42,599
to the front.

3159
03:00:42,600 --> 03:00:44,540
The troops pushing forward
were in a good mood

3160
03:00:44,541 --> 03:00:48,120
because low-hanging clouds
prevented any aerial activity.

3161
03:00:50,360 --> 03:00:53,360
I was worried that the weather
would brighten up."

3162
03:00:56,159 --> 03:00:58,280
Albert Speer, memoirs.

3163
03:01:00,040 --> 03:01:01,359
(tanks rumbling)

3164
03:01:01,360 --> 03:01:02,680
- [Voiceover] "As
long as the weather

3165
03:01:02,681 --> 03:01:04,440
kept our planes on the ground,

3166
03:01:04,441 --> 03:01:06,200
it would be an ally of the enemy

3167
03:01:06,201 --> 03:01:08,479
worth many additional days."

3168
03:01:10,559 --> 03:01:12,798
Dwight D. Eisenhower.

3169
03:01:12,799 --> 03:01:14,359
(ominous music)

3170
03:01:14,360 --> 03:01:16,920
- [Voiceover] "Our last major
offensive in
the West

3171
03:01:16,921 --> 03:01:18,398
with 300,000 men

3172
03:01:18,399 --> 03:01:21,300
that was so gloriously
successful at the start

3173
03:01:21,301 --> 03:01:25,280
failed in the end thanks to
10 days of radiant sunshine.

3174
03:01:26,959 --> 03:01:29,680
The Anglo-Americans
were thus able to deploy

3175
03:01:29,681 --> 03:01:32,479
their overwhelming
air superiority."

3176
03:01:34,040 --> 03:01:38,520
Leon Degrelle, Commander of
the Walloonian Waffen-SS.

3177
03:01:43,120 --> 03:01:44,840
- [Voiceover] "The
Allies had expected

3178
03:01:44,841 --> 03:01:47,600
to reach the River Rhine by
Christmas at
the latest.

3179
03:01:48,760 --> 03:01:51,798
The Ardennes Offensive
prevented that.

3180
03:01:51,799 --> 03:01:53,719
But how many men
lost their lives

3181
03:01:53,720 --> 03:01:55,639
due to this senseless delay?"

3182
03:01:58,440 --> 03:02:00,839
Walter Rowland, industrialist,

3183
03:02:00,840 --> 03:02:02,319
Commissioner for Tank Production

3184
03:02:02,320 --> 03:02:05,040
in Ministry of Armaments
and War Production.

3185
03:02:09,719 --> 03:02:11,239
- [Voiceover] Rudolf Jordan,

3186
03:02:11,240 --> 03:02:14,478
provincial NSDAP leader,
Defense Commissioner,

3187
03:02:14,479 --> 03:02:17,318
December the 25th 1944.

3188
03:02:17,319 --> 03:02:20,079
"When we were sitting together
one sunny morning,

3189
03:02:20,080 --> 03:02:22,399
tears appeared in
my wife's eyes.

3190
03:02:24,280 --> 03:02:26,679
'Where will we be at
Christmas next year?'

3191
03:02:26,680 --> 03:02:29,760
This was the question asked by
the mother of our children,

3192
03:02:29,761 --> 03:02:32,238
the question of
the family's fate.

3193
03:02:32,239 --> 03:02:33,680
This question would be asked

3194
03:02:33,681 --> 03:02:35,440
in the house of the
provincial leader

3195
03:02:35,441 --> 03:02:37,638
and everywhere else in Germany.

3196
03:02:37,639 --> 03:02:39,540
I was frightened because I felt

3197
03:02:39,541 --> 03:02:42,079
that the answer was
no longer convincing,

3198
03:02:42,080 --> 03:02:44,479
but I had to remain
the same person,

3199
03:02:44,480 --> 03:02:48,520
Hitler's deputy, the spokesman
of German hope until the end.

3200
03:02:50,319 --> 03:02:54,040
I know today that it was
the belief in a miracle."

3201
03:02:57,879 --> 03:02:59,759
(people chattering)

3202
03:02:59,760 --> 03:03:01,319
- [Voiceover] "In the
days after Christmas,

3203
03:03:01,320 --> 03:03:03,040
it was clear that
the expected success

3204
03:03:03,041 --> 03:03:04,620
would not be achieved.

3205
03:03:04,621 --> 03:03:05,780
At the end of the year,

3206
03:03:05,781 --> 03:03:07,760
the offensive had to
be seen as a failure."

3207
03:03:09,680 --> 03:03:10,920
Nicolaus von Below.

3208
03:03:13,520 --> 03:03:15,679
(gloomy music)

3209
03:03:15,680 --> 03:03:19,119
- [Voiceover] Adolf Hitler
at the end of December 1944

3210
03:03:19,120 --> 03:03:21,799
to his adjutant
Nicolaus von Below.

3211
03:03:23,079 --> 03:03:24,999
"I know the war is lost.

3212
03:03:25,000 --> 03:03:27,519
Their superiority is too great.

3213
03:03:27,520 --> 03:03:30,439
I hope you first put a
bullet in my head now.

3214
03:03:30,440 --> 03:03:32,679
We will never capitulate, never.

3215
03:03:32,680 --> 03:03:35,958
We can perish, but we'll
take the world with us."

3216
03:03:35,959 --> 03:03:38,920
(fire crackling)

3217
03:04:04,520 --> 03:04:06,839
(speaking in foreign language)

3218
03:04:06,840 --> 03:04:10,959
- [Voiceover] December the
31st 1944, Luxembourg.

3219
03:04:12,200 --> 03:04:15,439
"You sat there with a half
empty glass in your hand

3220
03:04:15,440 --> 03:04:16,920
and listened to the hoarse voice

3221
03:04:16,921 --> 03:04:18,639
with the unmistakable accent.

3222
03:04:19,479 --> 03:04:22,600
Two or three times, the
speaker almost lost
his voice,

3223
03:04:22,601 --> 03:04:24,999
and he also got
his words mixed up,

3224
03:04:25,000 --> 03:04:28,078
but that was always the
case when he got excited.

3225
03:04:28,079 --> 03:04:30,799
It was significant
that his throaty bellow

3226
03:04:30,800 --> 03:04:33,920
no longer wanted to work
that New Year's Eve."

3227
03:04:36,079 --> 03:04:39,600
Stefan Heym, Corporal
of the US Army, writer.

3228
03:04:41,000 --> 03:04:42,279
- [Voiceover] Adolf Hitler,

3229
03:04:42,280 --> 03:04:44,879
last radio address
to the German people,

3230
03:04:44,880 --> 03:04:47,519
January the 30th 1945.

3231
03:04:47,520 --> 03:04:50,359
"Thus, I now appeal to
the entire German people

3232
03:04:50,360 --> 03:04:51,799
to gird themselves

3233
03:04:51,800 --> 03:04:54,879
with a yet greater, stronger
spirit of resistance

3234
03:04:54,880 --> 03:04:56,999
until we can again, as before,

3235
03:04:57,000 --> 03:05:00,380
put on the graves of the dead
of this titanic struggle

3236
03:05:00,381 --> 03:05:02,600
a wreath inscribed
with the words,

3237
03:05:02,601 --> 03:05:04,878
'And yet you were victorious.'

3238
03:05:04,879 --> 03:05:06,879
I therefore expect every German

3239
03:05:06,880 --> 03:05:09,080
to fulfill his
duty to the utmost,

3240
03:05:09,081 --> 03:05:13,319
to make every sacrifice that
will and must
be required."

3241
03:05:14,760 --> 03:05:16,558
(pensive music)

3242
03:05:16,559 --> 03:05:19,040
- [Voiceover] February
the 13th 1945.

3243
03:05:19,840 --> 03:05:22,519
"The model of Linz
is finally finished.

3244
03:05:22,520 --> 03:05:23,780
The extensive model

3245
03:05:23,781 --> 03:05:25,840
of the development of
the Danube riverbanks

3246
03:05:25,841 --> 03:05:28,940
was now set up in one of the
large brightly-toned basements

3247
03:05:28,941 --> 03:05:30,280
of the new Chancellery.

3248
03:05:30,281 --> 03:05:32,920
When I led Adolf
Hitler into this room,

3249
03:05:32,921 --> 03:05:35,359
he stood for a long
time just looking

3250
03:05:35,360 --> 03:05:38,200
as though overwhelmed by
the general impression.

3251
03:05:39,559 --> 03:05:40,960
I moved the spotlight

3252
03:05:40,961 --> 03:05:43,759
to the position of the sun's
rays in the afternoon.

3253
03:05:43,760 --> 03:05:46,239
Now he was presented
with the perspective

3254
03:05:46,240 --> 03:05:50,760
of how his city on the Danube
would look in his retirement."

3255
03:05:52,639 --> 03:05:55,520
Hermann Giesler, general
building inspector

3256
03:05:55,521 --> 03:05:58,280
for the redevelopment
of the city of Linz.

3257
03:05:59,840 --> 03:06:01,500
- [Voiceover] "Not a day went by

3258
03:06:01,501 --> 03:06:04,159
when the government quarters
were not attacked.

3259
03:06:05,079 --> 03:06:07,059
When a bomb exploded nearby,

3260
03:06:07,060 --> 03:06:10,599
the bunker lying in the
groundwater swayed noticeably.

3261
03:06:10,600 --> 03:06:11,980
The light began to flicker,

3262
03:06:11,981 --> 03:06:14,799
so Hitler raised his
voice as if in a dream."

3263
03:06:15,760 --> 03:06:17,159
- [Voiceover] "That was close.

3264
03:06:17,160 --> 03:06:19,279
Those bombs could have hit us."

3265
03:06:19,280 --> 03:06:21,180
- [Voiceover] "He was
noticeably fearful

3266
03:06:21,181 --> 03:06:22,840
and didn't feel safe."

3267
03:06:24,840 --> 03:06:26,200
Christa Schroeder.

3268
03:06:29,920 --> 03:06:32,238
- [Narrator] In mid-March 1945,

3269
03:06:32,239 --> 03:06:34,959
Hitler transfers nearly
all of his activities

3270
03:06:34,960 --> 03:06:37,319
to the bunker under
the Chancellery.

3271
03:06:37,320 --> 03:06:39,879
Since then, he
rarely sees daylight.

3272
03:06:43,079 --> 03:06:44,959
- [Voiceover]
"Sometime in mid-March,

3273
03:06:44,960 --> 03:06:47,740
Eva Braun arrived at
the Reich Chancellery.

3274
03:06:47,741 --> 03:06:50,860
Hitler tried his best to get
her to go back
to Munich,

3275
03:06:50,861 --> 03:06:54,220
but she made it clear that her
place was at Hitler's side

3276
03:06:54,221 --> 03:06:57,079
and no one would be able
to change her mind."

3277
03:06:58,799 --> 03:07:03,120
Rochus Misch, telephone
operator in the Fuhrer's bunker.

3278
03:07:06,760 --> 03:07:09,799
- [Voiceover] "April the 20th
1945 was always
referred to

3279
03:07:09,800 --> 03:07:12,559
as the date of the last
photos and film segments

3280
03:07:12,560 --> 03:07:15,479
of Hitler and the delegation
of the Hitler Youth.

3281
03:07:15,480 --> 03:07:16,840
This is not true.

3282
03:07:17,239 --> 03:07:19,380
They are, in fact, from
a different reception

3283
03:07:19,381 --> 03:07:21,040
of a delegation by Hitler.

3284
03:07:21,799 --> 03:07:26,439
This took place on
March the 20th 1945."

3285
03:07:26,440 --> 03:07:28,119
(boys laughing)

3286
03:07:28,120 --> 03:07:31,479
Artur Axmann, leader
of the Hitler Youth.

3287
03:07:38,399 --> 03:07:40,719
- [Voiceover] "It was
between 3:00 and 4:00 am

3288
03:07:40,720 --> 03:07:43,039
on April the 11th 1945.

3289
03:07:43,040 --> 03:07:44,719
Suddenly cries were heard.

3290
03:07:44,720 --> 03:07:46,300
They grew louder and louder.

3291
03:07:46,301 --> 03:07:48,600
We stumbled outside
to discover the cause.

3292
03:07:48,601 --> 03:07:51,158
'Look, the gate!'
somebody shouted.

3293
03:07:51,159 --> 03:07:53,320
The crooked swastika
had disappeared.

3294
03:07:53,321 --> 03:07:55,680
Something white fluttered
on the flagpole.

3295
03:07:55,681 --> 03:07:57,980
The delightfully
victorious minute

3296
03:07:57,981 --> 03:08:00,200
for which our German
comrades had waited

3297
03:08:00,201 --> 03:08:04,479
4,453 days and nights
was finally there.

3298
03:08:05,479 --> 03:08:08,680
In the evening, an American
infantry unit arrived."

3299
03:08:11,280 --> 03:08:15,799
Thomas Giefer, German Jew,
prisoner in Buchenwald.

3300
03:08:21,280 --> 03:08:23,040
- [Voiceover] April
the 12th 1945.

3301
03:08:23,799 --> 03:08:25,720
"It will not be
pleasant listening.

3302
03:08:25,721 --> 03:08:27,920
I propose to tell
you of Buchenwald.

3303
03:08:29,319 --> 03:08:31,398
We reached the main gate.

3304
03:08:31,399 --> 03:08:34,000
The prisoners crowded
up behind the wire.

3305
03:08:34,719 --> 03:08:38,679
There surged around me
an evil smelling stink.

3306
03:08:38,680 --> 03:08:41,120
Men and boys reached
out to touch me.

3307
03:08:42,079 --> 03:08:44,559
They were in rags and
the remnants of uniforms.

3308
03:08:45,399 --> 03:08:47,679
Death had already
marked many of them,

3309
03:08:47,680 --> 03:08:50,159
but they were smiling
with their eyes."

3310
03:08:52,680 --> 03:08:56,000
Edward Murrow, radio
correspondent for
CBS News.

3311
03:09:00,280 --> 03:09:01,879
- [Voiceover] "On
April the 21st,

3312
03:09:01,880 --> 03:09:04,800
our troops reached the
Berlin Autobahn Ring.

3313
03:09:04,801 --> 03:09:07,280
This success created
favorable conditions

3314
03:09:07,281 --> 03:09:10,200
to totally enclose
the fascist capital."

3315
03:09:13,159 --> 03:09:15,159
Vasily Chuikov, General.

3316
03:09:22,360 --> 03:09:25,559
- [Voiceover] "That day, I
saw Hitler only briefly.

3317
03:09:25,560 --> 03:09:27,159
The boss could still not believe

3318
03:09:27,160 --> 03:09:29,159
that the Russians
were at the gates."

3319
03:09:30,879 --> 03:09:32,120
Rochus Misch.

3320
03:09:36,360 --> 03:09:38,719
- [Voiceover]
Szczecin, Mecklenburg.

3321
03:09:38,720 --> 03:09:41,679
"Around 11:50 pm, Hitler calls.

3322
03:09:41,680 --> 03:09:44,040
He gives a short
lecture on the situation

3323
03:09:44,041 --> 03:09:45,878
and concludes with the words."

3324
03:09:45,879 --> 03:09:47,239
- [Voiceover] "You will see.

3325
03:09:47,240 --> 03:09:49,400
The Russians will suffer
the biggest defeat,

3326
03:09:49,401 --> 03:09:51,719
the bloodiest defeat
in their history

3327
03:09:51,720 --> 03:09:53,719
before the gates of Berlin."

3328
03:09:56,639 --> 03:09:57,939
- [Voiceover] Karl Koller,

3329
03:09:57,940 --> 03:10:00,399
Chief of the General
Staff of the Luftwaffe.

3330
03:10:05,360 --> 03:10:07,919
- [Voiceover] April
the 22nd 1945.

3331
03:10:07,920 --> 03:10:11,239
"This date marks the end of
the Third Reich
for me.

3332
03:10:13,479 --> 03:10:18,199
The German Wehrmacht
capitulated on May
the 8th 1945,

3333
03:10:18,200 --> 03:10:21,079
but on April the 22nd, a Sunday,

3334
03:10:21,920 --> 03:10:23,639
Hitler capitulated."

3335
03:10:25,879 --> 03:10:27,079
Rochus Misch.

3336
03:10:33,000 --> 03:10:34,600
- [Voiceover] "On
April the 22nd,

3337
03:10:34,601 --> 03:10:36,239
we attended the status report

3338
03:10:36,240 --> 03:10:38,600
at the usual time
in the afternoon.

3339
03:10:38,601 --> 03:10:42,078
I recognized immediately that
clouds as heavy
as lead

3340
03:10:42,079 --> 03:10:43,760
were hanging over the room."

3341
03:10:45,840 --> 03:10:47,039
Wilhelm Keitel,

3342
03:10:47,040 --> 03:10:49,920
Chief of the Armed Forces
High Command, memoirs.

3343
03:10:51,360 --> 03:10:54,159
- [Voiceover] "I have already
reached my decision.

3344
03:10:54,160 --> 03:10:56,078
I won't leave Berlin again.

3345
03:10:56,079 --> 03:10:58,399
I will defend the
city till the end.

3346
03:10:59,239 --> 03:11:02,319
Either I lead the fighting
around the capital
of the Reich,

3347
03:11:02,320 --> 03:11:04,680
or I perish with my
soldiers in Berlin

3348
03:11:04,681 --> 03:11:07,520
and die in the battle for
the symbol of the Reich."

3349
03:11:09,200 --> 03:11:10,600
Adolf Hitler.

3350
03:11:12,120 --> 03:11:13,799
- [Voiceover] "During
the status conference,

3351
03:11:13,800 --> 03:11:15,540
which had been
loud and turbulent,

3352
03:11:15,541 --> 03:11:18,320
Hitler had finally uttered
the magical sentence

3353
03:11:18,321 --> 03:11:20,620
and since then repeated
it to everybody

3354
03:11:20,621 --> 03:11:23,360
who crept around the
bunker disbelievingly."

3355
03:11:23,361 --> 03:11:25,479
- [Voiceover] "The war is lost."

3356
03:11:26,520 --> 03:11:29,398
- [Voiceover] Rochus Misch.

3357
03:11:29,399 --> 03:11:31,559
- [Voiceover]
Gertraud Traudl Junge.

3358
03:11:31,560 --> 03:11:34,639
"In the small anteroom,
Hitler stands motionless.

3359
03:11:34,640 --> 03:11:38,039
In a distant and commanding
manner, he calls out."

3360
03:11:38,040 --> 03:11:40,140
- [Voiceover] "Get
changed at once.

3361
03:11:40,141 --> 03:11:41,840
In one hour, an
aircraft will come

3362
03:11:41,841 --> 03:11:43,680
and take you to the south.

3363
03:11:43,681 --> 03:11:46,958
Everything is lost,
hopelessly lost."

3364
03:11:46,959 --> 03:11:50,199
- [Voiceover] "Eva Braun
walks up to Hitler,

3365
03:11:50,200 --> 03:11:51,940
takes both of his hands,

3366
03:11:51,941 --> 03:11:54,599
and says, smilingly
and consolingly,

3367
03:11:54,600 --> 03:11:56,958
as if talking to a sad child."

3368
03:11:56,959 --> 03:11:59,440
- [Voiceover] "But you know
that I'm staying
here with you.

3369
03:11:59,441 --> 03:12:01,120
I will not be sent away."

3370
03:12:01,121 --> 03:12:03,399
- [Voiceover] "Hitler's
eyes begin to light up,

3371
03:12:03,400 --> 03:12:06,799
and he does something that
no one has ever witnessed,

3372
03:12:06,800 --> 03:12:09,799
not even his most trusted
friends and aides.

3373
03:12:11,280 --> 03:12:14,520
He kisses Eva
Braun on the lips."

3374
03:12:15,399 --> 03:12:18,000
(dog barking)

3375
03:12:18,959 --> 03:12:20,199
(solemn music)

3376
03:12:20,200 --> 03:12:24,000
- [Voiceover] "The German Army
dissolved before
our eyes."

3377
03:12:26,000 --> 03:12:27,399
Winston Churchill.

3378
03:12:32,000 --> 03:12:33,900
- [Voiceover] "Gloom
and doom began to spread

3379
03:12:33,901 --> 03:12:35,239
throughout the bunker."

3380
03:12:36,360 --> 03:12:37,600
Artur Axmann.

3381
03:12:40,559 --> 03:12:41,878
(explosion banging)

3382
03:12:41,879 --> 03:12:43,520
- [Voiceover] "The
Fuhrer comes up to me,

3383
03:12:43,521 --> 03:12:45,478
shakes my hand, and asks."

3384
03:12:45,479 --> 03:12:48,460
- [Voiceover] "Have you rested
a little, my child?

3385
03:12:48,461 --> 03:12:51,479
I'd like to dictate something,
get the shorthand pad."

3386
03:12:52,879 --> 03:12:56,439
- [Voiceover]
Gertraud Traudl Junge.

3387
03:12:56,440 --> 03:12:59,120
- [Voiceover] "My private
will and testament.

3388
03:12:59,121 --> 03:13:02,620
As I did not consider that I
could take the responsibility

3389
03:13:02,621 --> 03:13:05,680
of contracting a marriage
during the years
of fighting,

3390
03:13:05,681 --> 03:13:09,160
I have now decided before the
closing of my earthly career

3391
03:13:09,161 --> 03:13:12,920
to take the girl who after many
years of faithful friendship

3392
03:13:12,921 --> 03:13:16,600
entered the practically
besieged city of her
own free will

3393
03:13:16,601 --> 03:13:20,478
in order to share her destiny
with me as
my wife.

3394
03:13:20,479 --> 03:13:25,158
At her own desire, she goes as
my wife with me
into death.

3395
03:13:25,159 --> 03:13:26,760
What I possess belongs,

3396
03:13:26,761 --> 03:13:29,780
in as much as it has
any value, to the party.

3397
03:13:29,781 --> 03:13:32,519
Should this no longer
exist, to the state.

3398
03:13:32,520 --> 03:13:34,700
Should the state
also be destroyed,

3399
03:13:34,701 --> 03:13:37,159
no further decision
of mine is necessary."

3400
03:13:37,160 --> 03:13:42,159
Signed Berlin, April
the 29th 1945, 4:00 am,

3401
03:13:43,000 --> 03:13:44,239
Adolf Hitler.

3402
03:13:45,680 --> 03:13:48,359
- [Voiceover] April
the 30th 1945.

3403
03:13:48,360 --> 03:13:50,519
"I had close
contact with Mohnke,

3404
03:13:50,520 --> 03:13:52,360
the Commander of the Citadel.

3405
03:13:53,399 --> 03:13:55,959
Mohnke was often with the
troops on the front line.

3406
03:13:55,960 --> 03:13:59,039
(explosion banging)

3407
03:13:59,040 --> 03:14:02,439
On April the 29th, he reported
to Hitler that
to the north

3408
03:14:02,440 --> 03:14:04,740
the Russians were a
short distance away

3409
03:14:04,741 --> 03:14:06,360
from Weidendammer Bridge,

3410
03:14:06,361 --> 03:14:08,020
to the east, in Lustgarten,

3411
03:14:08,021 --> 03:14:11,399
to the south near Potsdamer
Platz and the Air Ministry,

3412
03:14:11,400 --> 03:14:13,420
and to the west in Tiergarten.

3413
03:14:13,421 --> 03:14:16,620
That was only a few 100 meters
from the Chancellery.

3414
03:14:16,621 --> 03:14:17,780
When Hitler asked him."

3415
03:14:17,781 --> 03:14:20,000
- [Voiceover] "How
long can you hold out?"

3416
03:14:20,001 --> 03:14:23,200
- [Voiceover] "He answered,
'20 to 24 hours
at the most.'"

3417
03:14:25,159 --> 03:14:26,600
Artur Axmann.

3418
03:14:32,360 --> 03:14:36,478
- [Voiceover] "On April the
30th 1945 around noon,

3419
03:14:36,479 --> 03:14:40,158
Bormann told me that Hitler's
decision was
now firm.

3420
03:14:40,159 --> 03:14:43,638
Then Hitler said to me that
he would now shoot himself

3421
03:14:43,639 --> 03:14:47,238
and that Fraulein Braun
would also take her life.

3422
03:14:47,239 --> 03:14:49,478
The bodies were to be buried.

3423
03:14:49,479 --> 03:14:52,920
He assigned me to make the
necessary arrangements."

3424
03:14:54,639 --> 03:14:57,479
Otto Gunsche, SS
Adjutant to Hitler.

3425
03:15:03,639 --> 03:15:05,920
- [Voiceover] "My
political testament.

3426
03:15:06,559 --> 03:15:08,260
I die with a happy heart

3427
03:15:08,261 --> 03:15:11,019
in the face of the immeasurable
deeds and achievements

3428
03:15:11,020 --> 03:15:13,900
of our soldiers at the
front, our women at home,

3429
03:15:13,901 --> 03:15:16,120
the achievements of our
farmers and workers,

3430
03:15:16,121 --> 03:15:18,558
and the efforts,
unique in history,

3431
03:15:18,559 --> 03:15:20,718
of our youth who bear my name.

3432
03:15:20,719 --> 03:15:23,839
Above all, I oblige the
leaders of the nation

3433
03:15:23,840 --> 03:15:25,360
and those under them

3434
03:15:25,361 --> 03:15:27,878
to scrupulously
observe the race laws

3435
03:15:27,879 --> 03:15:29,840
and to offer
merciless opposition

3436
03:15:29,841 --> 03:15:33,799
to the poisoner of all
peoples, international Jewry."

3437
03:15:34,760 --> 03:15:36,079
Issued in Berlin

3438
03:15:36,080 --> 03:15:40,359
this 29th day of April
1945, four o'clock am,

3439
03:15:40,360 --> 03:15:41,799
Adolf Hitler.

3440
03:15:47,399 --> 03:15:49,479
- [Voiceover] "There cannot
be the slightest doubt

3441
03:15:49,319 --> 03:15:50,879
that Adolf Hitler took his life

3442
03:15:50,880 --> 03:15:53,040
in the Fuhrerbunker of
the Reich Chancellery

3443
03:15:53,041 --> 03:15:56,318
in Berlin on April
the 30th 1945,

3444
03:15:56,319 --> 03:15:59,959
with his own hand, namely by
a shot in the right temple."

3445
03:16:01,000 --> 03:16:04,199
Cause of death, District
Court Two, Berchtesgaden,

3446
03:16:04,200 --> 03:16:05,799
December the 8th 1956.

3447
03:16:11,239 --> 03:16:12,639
- [Narrator] Valet Heinz Linge

3448
03:16:12,640 --> 03:16:16,119
reports the hour of
his death as 3:50 pm.

3449
03:16:16,120 --> 03:16:17,640
He says he noted this time

3450
03:16:17,641 --> 03:16:21,319
from a grandfather clock in the
anteroom to Hitler's office.

3451
03:16:21,320 --> 03:16:25,919
Adjutant Otto Gunsche cites
his final hour
as 3:30 pm.

3452
03:16:25,920 --> 03:16:28,158
He said he'd looked
at his watch.

3453
03:16:28,159 --> 03:16:31,360
(people chattering)

3454
03:16:34,399 --> 03:16:37,159
(lively music)

3455
03:16:58,520 --> 03:17:00,540
- [Voiceover] "It
was not disloyalty,

3456
03:17:00,541 --> 03:17:02,239
but rather his suicide

3457
03:17:02,240 --> 03:17:04,959
that put an end to
Hitler's organization.

3458
03:17:04,960 --> 03:17:07,920
He and his organization
were one and the same,

3459
03:17:07,921 --> 03:17:09,920
and thus it ended with him.

3460
03:17:10,799 --> 03:17:13,558
This man who rose out of nothing

3461
03:17:13,559 --> 03:17:15,600
had offered himself to Germany

3462
03:17:15,601 --> 03:17:18,639
at a time when it was
longing for a new magnet.

3463
03:17:20,639 --> 03:17:22,599
He formulated a doctrine

3464
03:17:22,600 --> 03:17:26,079
based on a mixture of
fascism and race theory.

3465
03:17:26,920 --> 03:17:28,640
The totalitarian system

3466
03:17:28,641 --> 03:17:31,079
allowed him to act
without restraint.

3467
03:17:32,680 --> 03:17:34,840
The mechanization
of the military

3468
03:17:34,841 --> 03:17:38,639
gave him the trump cards of
lightning attacks
and surprise.

3469
03:17:41,360 --> 03:17:43,919
All of this led to repression,

3470
03:17:43,920 --> 03:17:48,200
and that, in turn,
led to these crimes."

3471
03:17:50,440 --> 03:17:52,599
Charles de Gaulle, memoirs.

3472
03:17:52,600 --> 03:17:55,479
(ominous music)

3473
03:18:11,559 --> 03:18:14,360
(somber music)